Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart
This is the first release of the essay: Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart: An open letter to Lulu and Nana in Chinese. Written to be delivered to Lulu and Nana, today is the release in their native tongue. The essay is also included here in English and French. But this Chinese translation should make it easier to deliver the message to Lulu and Nana (and their oft forgotten third potentially male twin mate for transgenic inbreeding and stabilisation, he who has not even a fake name…) when they are all of age enough to handle this eruption/text and hopefully before they are simply usurped by specimen posthuman breeding projects.
The Essay is presented here in Simplified Chinese, French and English, in that order: Optional PDF download here:
《人类胚系基因编辑为一种生物艺术:致露露与娜娜的一封公开信》
Simplified Chinese Translation by Wun Ting Chan
Published Online, Jan 1 2026
Translated from English to French by Cherise Fong
Originally ‘Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart: An open letter to Lulu and Nana’, Routledge Handbook of Art, Science, and Technology Studies, Edited By Hannah Star Rogers, Megan K Halpern, Dehlia Hannah and Kathryn de Ridder-Vignone, 2021.
Donations for more BEAK translations, bioart.Bioethical Advisory Kommittee Communiques and BEAK Bioart general support can be an arts funding charitable gift: HERE
《人类胚系基因编辑为一种生物艺术:致露露与娜娜的一封公开信》
亚当·扎瑞斯基(Adam Zaretsky)是一位美国湿实验室(Wet‑Lab)生物艺术家,他融合生态学、生物技术、非人类关系、身体表演与美食学的创作方式。在他“夏季臆测文本”系列的最新一篇中,他以致露露与娜娜的形式写出一封公开信——这两位于 2018 年 11 月出生、备受争议的“CRISPR 婴儿”。通过 CRISPR 基因编辑技术,这对胎儿的基因组具有针对人类免疫缺陷病毒的免疫力。而中国科学家贺建奎——这研究项目的主要人物,则于2019 年因伪造文件和不道德行为罪被判入狱三年,并处罚金人民币 300 万元(约 40 万欧元)。
贺建奎博士领导的研究项目使用 CRISPR 技术向露露和娜娜的受精卵基因组中引入 CCR5‑Δ32 基因增强突变,以期增强其对人类免疫缺陷病毒的抵抗力。这封信旨在帮助这对双胞胎理解她们自身的存在在社会文化上的重要性,并引导她们去探索那些难以自察的思考/心理窘境。这是由生物艺术伦理咨询委员会(Bioarts Ethical Advisory Komission,简称 BEAK)致露露与娜娜的一封信。信中探讨的核心议题涉及人类胚系基因编辑的文化美学内涵。我们首先提出将人类基因工程当作生物艺术的界别处理。从艺术史和文化批评的角度出发,我们鉴察这种生物艺术在法律、伦理、社会和欲望层面上的意味(Legal, Ethical, Societal and Libidinal implications, 简称LESLi),透过“审美广度”来审视“转基因人类”制构。人类基因编辑已充分地证明了它自身带有引发各种社会病的趋向,包括“文化平庸病”、“浅薄的人类增强风格”或“带恶性的均质化”。因此,本信呼吁对人类基因编辑“敲入”行为施加限制。除了提供一套关于“体内人类变异创意”的艺术性监管框架之外,本信还直接向露露与娜娜提供阐明、对自身存在的重新定义以及帮助她们日后提出争议的一些建议。
亚当·扎瑞斯基博士,生物艺术家、生物艺术伦理咨询委员会(BEAK)负责人,曾作为受邀嘉宾出席 2012 年在华盛顿特区由美国国家科学院主办、人类基因编辑倡议组织的国际峰会,并与主持人汉克·格里利(Hank Greely)展开对话,内容如下:
“我们实际上正在讨论如何编程我们未来的基因组,而在概念层面上,人类还不如这技术本身那么奇异。这正是艺术家有时会介入的地方。我关注的是如何利用这技术去改善健康,去优化。人类机能增强属于对基因组的优化。但那恐怕会渐渐把我们的物种培养成一种以常规人类作蓝图、有如单一栽培般的文化。听来荒诞,但我们会被包装成‘传家老品种式’的转基因人类,或是贴着‘有机’标签的转基因人。若我们不去探索另类美学,转基因人类就会陷入类似现代“残障研究”的困境。在社会心理层面上出现的问题或许是因为在转基因人盛行的社会里, 非传统人类的形态大多会被视为怪物。然而,我们早已开始以“健康”的名义很大程度地改变了人类的形态。但这仍不足够消解对非传统人类形式的偏见。”
汉克·格里利(斯坦福大学法律与生物科学):
“各位有回应或想法吗?”
在短暂而意味深长的沉默后,他自己回应道:
“我确实认为,人类在过去一万年里通过文明,或者说我们所称的人类活动,对我们是谁、长什么样,以及我们基因中等位基因的频率,产生了巨大影响。所以至少,在我们的断续之中仍存在某种连续性。”
《人类胚系基因编辑为一种生物艺术:致露露与娜娜的一封公开信》
发件人:亚当·扎瑞茨基
日期:2019年8月30日 星期五 下午6:02
收件人:DearLuluAndNana@gmail.com
亲爱的露露与娜娜,以及她们的父母,
欢迎来到这个世界。你们是在“健康”旗帜下被带入世间的,但同时也诞生于一条跨越诸时的奇异之流。在第二届人类基因编辑国际峰会召开之初,有人刻意把有关你们诞生的消息泄露给新闻媒体。当时你们和你们的父母都受化名保护,而你们的存在引发了巨大争议。反映着创作精神,你们是地球上第一批正式地被设计、策划、改造的转基因人(transgenic people)。纵使心不由己,你们的存在已成为了生殖遗传生命权力(reprogenetic biopower)的活生生例证。你们既已成为科技聚光灯下的焦点;倒不如选择享受这份注目。
我写这封信,是想告诉你们:尽管外界有无数企图替你们界定未来的声音,但你们仍有许多方式去为自己诠释作为“基因改造生物”(genetically modified organisms, GMOs)的生命意义。你们的动物界“知交”,其艺名同样带着一种庸俗又反叛:癌鼠、彩虹鼠、荧光鱼、AquaBounty三文鱼、公牛赫尔曼和施瓦辛格绵羊。 在诠释你们的GMO身份时,其中一种可能的路径就是把自己视为艺术!
在全球推动“人类基因编辑”常态化的种种理由中,艺术的角色一直被低估。但你们的基因并不仅仅是被设计、裁剪或工程化而已,你们是实践于生物媒介、以生命本身为形体的一种概念艺术,最终成形的是一件带点忧愁善感、极简主义的雕塑。而如今,你们正日渐成为真人秀的“成熟果实”,或许该想想如何避免沦为那些被名声毁掉的童星。你们的存在,以及你们未来所有的胚系后代,实际上本身就是时间基质的“新媒体艺术”。
露露、娜娜,我有个坏消息,也有个好消息。坏消息是:你们只是艺术品,而不是艺术家。如果你们被当作牛奶盒上协寻广告的孩子——既成为支持“人类生殖系基因改造”(IGM)的一方的典范,同时也被另一方用作反对的标靶——那么你们的“父母”不仅仅只包括亲生父母和科学家、还应包括那些刻意运用生物伦理的黄灯警示灯、操着父母腔的“人类基因编辑倡议”。所谓“黄灯警示灯”,“暂停”与“威胁禁令”来制造一种伦理表象:一方面为谨慎者提供“谨慎的姿态”,另一方面却悄悄向急于推进的人发出信号——趁着红灯未亮,赶紧冲过去,把这些GMO婴儿造出来。黄灯伦理内隐的逻辑是:红灯随时可能亮起,但几乎从不真的亮。这其实是在向那些从事共争议性的研究领域的科学家暗示:为了“安抚公众”,出版前要象征性地编辑一下,因为黄灯只会在公关崩盘时才真正变成红灯。黄灯虽然只是警示灯,但同时也传递另一重含义:如果不趁此窗口期全速前冲,前路随时可能被封死。
在大学和企业研究领域,获资助的ESLI(伦理、社会与法律影响)委员会上的“伦理学家”,若不是完全隶属于机构内部事务,通常也只是捉刀人或出租神父。他们取代了宗教,以世俗(法律)的判断,来界定如何恰当地利用这些能调整生命的新技术潜能。应用型生物伦理学家的工作,是为各种顾虑发声、衡量利益(往往也包括他们自己的退休福利),并几乎总是建议以“谨慎”之名尽可能快速地推进。这便是“法律监督经济”:“谨慎”这概念对当代创新文化、未来主义、竞争逻辑与极速动态的敲诈。正是这种机制,把产品从实验室台上推到到消费者床边,那些狂热的技术和未来主义崇拜者及其投资集团纷纷沿着这管道奋力冲刺。
你们父亲的精子、母亲的卵子和子宫只是这科研育儿计划中的工具,又或是宿主。你们的“父母”其实还包括贺建奎博士及其合作者与心腹,其中包括但不限于:林志彤、深圳和美妇儿科医院伦理审查委员会、Stephen Quake、Bill Efcavitch、于军、Michael W. Deem、深圳“孔雀计划”、谢炳文、John Zhang、裴端卿、百花林、George Church、Mark Dewitt、Craig Mello、秦金洲、Renli Zhang、William Hurlbut、Ben Hurlbut、Ryan Ferrell、冷泉港实验室(CSHL)、莱斯大学、斯坦福大学、Matthew Porteus、Putian集团(旗下8000多家私立医院)、中国“千人计划”、南方科技大学、国际投资人士、多国政府,以及David Baltimore及整个“人类基因编辑倡议”机构。正是这些人和机构合起来促成了你们的诞生;而事后他们多半又假装震惊,好让自己在这场风波里显得像个既宽纵却又满腹牢骚的伦理媒婆。归根到底,他们就是你们的蜂巢:一群土生土长的生殖—遗传育种者。
换个乐观点儿的说法,你们本身就是能替自己做文宣的材料。你们是带有开放阅读框(open reading frame)的“现成品”,向未来种种新的诠释开放——自主的机会是总会出现的。先做一个友好声明:你们并不是唯一未经询问就诞生于世上的生命。我们每个人都曾自问:当初父母究竟为何选择生下我们?没有人曾为“出生”这件事举手赞成,而我们往往只是爱、欲望、贪婪、醉意、包办婚姻或其他庸常功利算计所致的盲目结果。受孕带来的基因洗牌基于机遇、随机排列,像爵士即兴一般的语无伦次。即便在艺术领域,这也不总是意味着卓越、新奇、破格,甚至不一定达到最基本的平庸。令你们一举成名的”合子染色体重组事件“发生的时候,你们甚至连自我意识亦尚未启蒙。而你们诞生时,世界已是一个由伦理与现实控制问题交织的全球化社会,这些问题既不能视而不见,也难以调解。
这封信是为了帮助你们理解艺术在你们与生俱来的变异中的角色,以及详述以艺术去诠释这个世界的可行性。正如人体并不仅仅是装饰,艺术也绝非只是为辩论披上华丽外衣。对于某些人而言,你们或许只是实验品,但在艺术视角中,身为艺术的你们能把自身的变异转化为独树一格的非凡。我希望接下来的非主流评估能帮助你们最终找到某种对身份的诠释——无论是公开的议论还是内心的斗争——这将比仅仅沦为科学主义的“营销噱头”更能带来心灵上的满足。
生物艺术视角下的人类转基因构型前瞻
露露、娜娜,你们大可不必过度担心关于人类生殖细胞基因编辑的繁枝细节。创新型生殖技术为你们带来了无形的附加值,而这技术有可能引发的脱靶突变,及其所带来的下游代谢系统异常,或许能为未来临床试验提供新知。从回溯的角度看,我们之所以会担心错地方其实是因为绝大多数负责人类基因育种的科研人员大概对美术孤陋寡闻,以致其观点跟必然修读过艺术史、未来的“基因美学”创作者们的观点比起来截然不同。现阶段, 在你们体内唯一能辨认出来的变异就是CCR5-Δ32,在免疫球蛋白M中的胚系基因突变。如你们的诞生是一种新颖的艺术介入,我担心你们与生俱来的美学会被“健康”这规则限制。没错,他们的计划恐怕是耗费数百万的专利研究经费,摆弄着“健康即美”的陈词滥调,把转基因人当成种公与母畜一般地去进行复印、盈利。是的,我们或许鲁莽地弄断了连接着当代艺术与孕育后人类新异的广阔可能之间的红线。
我们的生态未来:文化美学何在?
露露、娜娜,你们是企业繁育出来的生产物。甚至在你们产生意识前,所有决定都已经为你做好了。而你们的设计师不幸地缺乏多元的美学观。拓宽人类表型多样性对世界文化而言至关重要。前所未有的转基因血统或许会赋予你们有别于人的代谢机制,对些转变对地球未来的生态与多样性产生有影响现在还是未知之数。随着那些按竞争逻辑打造的肉体傀儡不断吞并“放牧空间”,我们不得不承认:我们活在一个由人类及其对土生主宰权(autochthonic control)的执念所支配的星球。像你们这样的转基因人是令人眼前一亮的限量版,但我仍希望你们有自主独立的空间去繁殖和安定。
你们或许可为自身 Transgen[ic].people 、异能之人的标签自豪。然而,在某些人眼中,你们可能会被视为外来物种,甚至是“非本土、后自然、技术制造”的类属,从科研场所拿到外 边的世界放生。但问题在于:你与你的双胞胎姐妹能否产生足够的创新文化和生态价值张力,让未来世世代代的原生人类愿意与之共存?GMO人种生产现在正被积极推销作一条即食先天性健康处方。但当代“美学经济”恐怕将成为推动我们工程化未来的生态效应的无形之手。
我们如何判定:谁有资格跟基因工程打情骂俏?
我们可以依循多种“基因表达美学”来设计转基因改造人类婴儿。考虑到胚系“表现主义”在多重基因组调色拼贴过程中能呈现的幅度,又再有鉴于你们这样的时间基质、新媒体雕塑艺术持续存在的跨度,我们必须要以批判的态度质疑:健康、增强、经济效率,甚至流行(本土)文化,是否真应该成为决定何种 GMO 婴儿设计的理由?文化、健康、增强与盈利,这些既非单纯概念,也不应是未来“具身设计”的唯一裁决力。公众对这项技术的接受度固然重要,但除此之外还有甚么因素?以缓和那些来自大众趋势、医学偏见与营销反多样性文化之间的龙争虎斗,难道你们非得把生命奉献出来?在现今这套监管框架下,你们会否成为下一代转基因人类生产模式的新鲜样板?你们是否只是基因“占位符”、人类Beta实验,以小改动作概念验证,为未来更激进改造的开路?在争取“更稀奇血统”的全球竞逐中,这些小众/利基的权力究竟由谁撮合、按何逻辑落地?露露、娜娜,你们想要造出怎样的人工设计婴儿?你们想以艺术家,还是以科学家的身份去生产他们?
艺术上的领会和人类设计相辅相成?
多亏了社会对你们具身发育流水线的接受度,艺术史或许终于能在“人文”方面派上用场!这条流水线以“表达自由”为名,从“生育经纪人”那里一路把新人类蓝图输送到那些悬挂着“ CRISPR ”招牌的小屋。流水线的尾站设立于公众视界之内,以便复制流程与意象更多的应用。隐含的危险是:在缺乏全球创意文化理解的前提下进行人工繁殖,终将带来美学灾难。我真心希望,当未来雕塑你们的“转基因兄弟姐妹”时,至少会参考一下我们这物种共享的艺术遗产。艺术既是胚系基因改造(IGM, Immunoglobulin M)设计的重要资产,也是确保我们“造出的未来”不至于显得沉闷、审美倒退、只停留在“看着挺健康”,却又有点儿不靠谱的关键路径。若没有艺术史的视角加持,露露与娜娜,你们作为“克隆/基因微调人群”的海报式代言,恐怕只会被用来服务G20 粮食议程、制药业扩张与全球消费设计。而通过基因工程把跨物种的旺盛多样性与对壮观遗传级联的克隆复制混合在一起的方案,只应在由艺术家、艺术史学者、异位美学专家与边缘生物伦理学者组成的审美顾问委员会把关。多元变种风格的未来,以及预防大众口味独裁的美学灾难全依赖于“新型生殖生物技术”与艺术之间的合作。这正是“生物艺术伦理咨询委员会(Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission,简称BEAK)”成立的根本理由。
生物艺术伦理咨询委员会(BEAK)
BEAK成立的目的是为生物艺术应用提供艺术层面的监督和伦理层面的评估。其范畴涵盖生物安全、重组基因的安全性、动物与其他非人或半人生命体的照护与使用,以及与生物艺术相关的企画的居住环境与福祉等议题。BEAK 将从法律、伦理、社会与力比多(Legal, Ethical, Societal and Libidinal implications, 简称 LESLi)四个层面,评审生物艺术创作的潜在影响。评估不仅限于研发阶段,也涉及展演过程中涉及的安置、展出、乃至「人道献祭」等问题。BEAK 的评估将依据作品、工序与整体计划的不同,透过「艺术风险/艺术价值」的权衡分析进行审核。以下两节为 BEAK 提出的艺术与伦理白皮书,旨在引发公众讨论。
BEAK LESLI 转基因人类艺术审查
忠于科学主义的艺术家们正争分夺秒,以荧光激活细胞分选术 (Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting,缩写FACS)将经生殖细胞基因编辑的人类胚胎干细胞(Human Embryonic Stem Cell,缩写hESC)分选至洁净、营养丰富的培养瓶中。从实验性设计中出生,你们与生俱来的权利包含了一场以拓展物种边界为主题的艺术评论行动。无论作用于胚系、整生物体、体细胞,还是用于组织培养细胞治疗(Tissue-Cultured Cell Therapeutics,缩写CT),人类基因编辑所做的并非“造出一个孤例物种”,而是把人类的走向改写成一套不限版数、物换星移的跨世代“多原作”系列。若这些用来再制你们遗传基因的实验原则,无意间成为了某种诘屈聱牙且无功利价值的繁殖计划,那也无妨——毕竟,科学本身也是极简主义概念艺术实践的一个子类。但除了这一脉之外,还有许多其他艺术运动:例如古典艺术、现代主义艺术、当代艺术与后当代艺术等。正是艺术在情感上拥有的扭曲力,赋予了艺术家与艺术评论者在关于「转基因人类未来」的辩论中独特的咨询角色。以下列出未来在艺术史与人体解剖学的几个创作方向范例:
洛可可式基因枪转基因艺术
同步性电穿孔胚系艺术
DNA欧普艺术暨干细胞显微注射艺术
建构派绘画与脂质体导入基因艺术
DIY基因·家庭艺术 (Domestic Art)艺术实践者
刻奇·原生·地下·庞克·非主流·人造子宫 hESC 艺术
继承作家约翰·泽赞的「反艺术之案」(Case Against Art):活体反艺术工程化艺术流派
科技与艺术跨域简明词汇表(给需要补课的科学技术社群)
1. 洛可可(Rococo) 十八世纪后巴洛克艺术风格,疯狂地追求装饰细节、繁复且不对称的华丽装饰,带来感官炫耀性消费的效果。此一风格恰与清教徒极简主义形成对立。对未来婴儿的外形设计来说,若想对抗那种出于对「纯净简洁」的执迷所引发的强迫性重组整理再简化趋势,那么洛可可是非常值得参考的方向。
2. 基因枪技术(Biolistic Technology) 这是一种将带有病毒载体与转基因构建的奈米粒子,当作「子弹」用空气压力直接射入细胞核的方法。这种「基因枪」技术实质上是将科幻·欲望直接嵌入基因组中。
3. 同步主义(Synchromism) 是一场旨在引发观者联觉的艺术运动,尝试用色彩来构成可「听见」的视觉乐章。抽象而艳丽,未来人若拥有如乌贼般的色彩交流能力,但也许那种抽象、那种艳丽只是将来设计精致却又平淡无奇的后人类的先兆。
4. 电穿孔(Electroporation) 以高压电脉冲将可遗传的质体送入细胞核内,实现基因改造的转移技术。
5. 欧普艺术(Op Art) 一种专注视觉错觉的艺术类型,兴起于20世纪60年代迷幻艺术的后浪潮。打着非对象性(非具象)的名堂,它常以触及认知阈限与会让人头疼的莫尔纹等手法来“娱乐”知觉。若把这一路数应用到“造人”,目标就会是反伪装/高度可见的人:比如24小时派对狂,以及那些想要一个带“奥斯汀·力量式复古迷幻风格”谈资、或在人群里显得独树一帜的“孩子”的父母。
6. 显微注射(Microinjection) 将转基因物质逐一注射入个别细胞或受精卵细胞核的技术,使每个个体成为基因「差分机」(Difference Engines)的试验场所。
7. 建构派绘画(Constructed Painting) 透过切割、堆叠画布,改变绘画的二维框架,使之变成非矩形或不定形。转基因艺术的等价做法,便是透过基因的切割与重新分段(例如 hox/pax 基因模式重构),加诸人体解剖的超维度变异。
8. 脂质体转染(Lipofection) 可把转基因构建以“脂质通道”方式送入细胞进行转染。作者还以比喻描写:仿佛通过浸泡或外涂,让携带遗传“载荷”的脂质体非侵入地贴近基因组,好像稍微刺痛的按摩油一般(修辞,并非工艺流程)。
9. 家庭艺术(Domestic Art) 由 Crosley Bendix 所创,为一种由郊区居民发起的原生艺术。它挑战以家庭用品(如棉花糖酱、沙发、撕裂的壁纸、用海绵蘸取果汁按压于前述的壁纸等)作为创作媒材的可能性。这种艺术可与DIY生物技术实验方案交会,透过家用品揭开基因实验的神秘面纱。
10. 原生艺术(Art-Brut) 源自精神病患、文盲与未受训者的自学艺术(最好是三项都全)。其在人类胚系中的对应就如把异质基因片段粗暴地导入人体性腺、胚系与世系结构之间,宛如“牛入瓷器店”那种冲撞。尽管从技术上看并不完美,但人们对转基因人类的普遍欣赏却往往只需凭借一双未经训练的眼光,就能从中感知一种「不专业魅力」、粗矿与偏执的个性体现。
11. 刻奇艺术(Kitsch Art) 一种竭力迎合最低门槛审美的艺术形式,可被视为流行文化精心专研出来、「Hello Kitty」与法西斯的混合流行文化产品。未来设计宝宝若迈向量产,势必滑向此种审美泥潭,因此,艺术风格的多样性将成为避免审美均质化的必要补救。要解决人类被刻奇化的问题,就必须将艺术的多样化纳入考量。即便是波普艺术,也保留了第二甚至第三级的反讽,以避免彻底滑入完全刻奇化的困境。
12. 人类胚胎干细胞(HESc) 每株干细胞皆可发育为可植入的胚体。一瓶培养液即代表数百万个潜在的克隆或转基因克隆个体。
13. 反艺术(Antiart) 源自达达主义,是一种破坏艺术神圣性的艺术,也可能摧毁自身。若将其类比于我们在基因编辑领域中的狂妄干预,则人类胚系编辑与反艺术其实颇为相衬。
BEAK LESLI 审美监管:艺术性管制限制与架构
BEAK 临床项目组委会作出如下结论:凡涉及可遗传的胚系编辑之试验,仅能在符合以下审美标准、限制与架构的艺术性监管框架内,经审美评审后方可开展:
禁止实施任何“敲入”式基因编辑;若其已被有力证据证明会导致,或显著使当事谱系/后代倾向于陷入文化平庸病,或处于失却深奥/神秘性的状态并呈现恶性常态化者,一律不得开展;
须提交覆盖长期与多世代的完整方案,包括配对/交配方案、娱乐经纪合约及成人内容选项,并在全过程中切实尊重个体自主权。
应设限制以防止“增强天真乐观主义”的基因美学进入人类基因组;仅以实用或功利理由不足以确保当代艺术标准(除非其“超写实主义”程度已达同行实践标准);
在法律所允许的患者隐私“介入”范围内,尽可能维持艺术性的最大不透明度;
需在有意悬置理性的审美语境中,形成用于指引编辑结构与目标的“情感性替代方案”;
社会不应对「严重刻奇症」或「审美教育贫乏者」赋予应予尊重的地位(除非其反讽层次已达当代艺术标准);
在临床试验期间,对试验程序之“美学”,以及对研究参与者的“展演/记录”方式,实施持续且严格的监督;
定期就“不可言喻(je ne sais quoi)”在艺术与审美两端的收益/风险进行持续再评估,并广泛、持续地邀请艺术家、艺术史学者与艺术评论家对所选诱变性基因构建提出意见与参与决策。
建立可靠的“弱势洞见”监督机制,确保持用技术仅用于严肃艺术与真正新奇/破格的情境,禁止其外溢至其他用途。
所有「精彩、甚至匪夷所思」的临床前与/或临床数据(包含风险评估,也包含因跨世代流程中“成功的灌输、渗透与转基因感染”而可能带来的“当代·时间基质·新媒体·生物艺术”效益)应向公众开放以供查验。
即便是支持本建议者,其实也未必能达成与艺术可提供的「非理性保证」同等的共识。而对于那些对奥义司空见惯的读者们, 上述条款则代表著一种承诺:在知情同意与表达自由的框架内,促进另类的存在与生态生命形式的共荣。
健康与美丽因素之外的思想领域,是一整个住满多样性工业化生命体的过剩宇宙——诞生于对他们的异常状态友好的环境,以涵盖最广泛的情感差异性之名出世去行动/反应/发泄。试想一位天赋异禀的复古立体主义(retro-garde cubist)艺术家能为这场实验带来何等程度的卓越。露露、娜娜,你们这「增幅版人类·立体主义·嵌合体」般的存在,你们的自主权是否在个人意识衍生前已被自动否定了?
人类基因编辑倡议:监管监督,还是目光过于远大?
“人类基因编辑倡议”不但将纯科研置于与消费者权益对立的角色,它还经常跟工商利益打交道。传媒也下了不少工夫搞政治宣传,坚定反对任何有关暂停人类基因编辑进程的讨论。正因如此,“警惕的鸣声”所带的污名,仅在你们出生的消息流出后才暂时消退。在你们梦一般的诞生前,谈论的焦点多数围绕改善未出生婴儿的健康(亦可理解为治疗不孕)。而你们父母,以及你们,他俩的变·胚系后代,两者皆变成了一把钥匙:开启又或锁上这监管和审批流水线的命运,继而抉择改革基因共享体系的未来。
根据美国伯克利“基因与社会中心”(Center for Genetics in Society,缩写CGS)执行董事 马西·达诺夫斯基( Marcy Darnovsky) 博士的观点,露露与娜娜,你们是激进实验!唐诺夫斯基博士指出,你们属于一种被重新混音的“细分市场人种”,类似“技术创始效应”,是未来预售的测试对象。她在向美国食品药品监督管理局生物制品评估中心(Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research,缩写FDA CBER)陈述时,强调:
“显然,房间里的大象是可遗传的基因改造……可能开启高科技·消费·优生主义的时代……想想任务蔓延……这些技术并非用于治疗疾病苦痛的人……我们谈论的是对未来孩子和未来世代为对象的激进实验。”
人类基因编辑倡议继续担当测试公众反应的平台,为日后FDA能高枕无忧、安心地对精选后人类基因组产品进行机械式批准奠下基础。但就你们而言,露露与娜娜,我希望将来,这些由专研政策的学究们精心策划的辩论,用途不只限于安抚产业界与科学界。把世界与我们物种都“转基因化”的这场工程,远不止一种读法。还有一些争论与研究走向,比那类不温不火、一味主张限缩立法、把自主权丢给工商业界操作者的讨论,更能把我们带到更远处。
露露与娜娜,你们是这个世界上的存在:后人类、超人类与转基因人类。有人视你们的身份和存在为科技庆典的盛宴,有人则视为恐惧之源。你们是新型人类品种市场推广的开端。庆祝你们诞生、仪式感满足的欢迎会带来了一场狂热的世界文化事件。欢迎来到这个家!
HGEI/EPA/CDC/(ELSI)/ATF/GMO‑VD.STD/DOI/NEA:监管障碍,还是跨越监管?
告诉你一声,你们已被列入基因性状交流平台,并且标记为“衍生于生物工程”。一直呼应着你们诞生前那些日子的热烈讨论,其实都是人类表达欲望的形式。制作克隆转基因突变畜(供肉类与产奶用途)并非只是为了工业与消费者利益并非只是为了工业与消费者利益。它们代表了一种激进食品科学的美食幻想:鉴赏级的匠心牛、顶级鲜味山羊等。卵母细胞移植技术,也就是所谓的「三亲婴儿」,可以说是线粒体交换或“一团糟卵细胞科技克隆”实验室内编排出来的家族,这些也都是生殖基因造型师团队调校的对象。从某种意义上,你们上热搜的表象既是关于基因的模因,也是模因化基因。
何建魁博士(简称JK,他偏好的称呼)及其团队,现成为了新型人类形态、意识、体质与气质的“家长兼策展人”。那些编辑你们合子基因组与卵母的科学家们,现在正式成为了「人类的性选择压力」的其中一种因素。这技能组合目前悬挂在法律的百慕大三角之上。究竟什么是克隆转基因人类?是否可由医生、律师、政治家与行政官员擅自决定?露露、娜娜,在这双言巧语且故步自封的世界中,你们的声音恐怕会被淹没。但是,若然你们想逃脱将来自己在社交和媒体层面上“僵尸式、活死人奴役”般的存在,现在就必须尽全力把创客文化的头狠狠割下。
在美国,FDA 目前只负责监管“敲入式基因库添加物”。娜娜与露露,你们算是新型家畜?还是新型食物?药品?各国政府或科学界会如何解释和监管你们的用途?你们是专利财产?是美妆品?是医疗设备?是组织细胞与基因治疗(GT)产品?你们究竟是合法“人类”、半人类、超人类、后人类还是非人类?你们究竟是按模版铸造的“复制人”姐妹工蜂——为父母的市场化投资与性能提升愿望服务——还是仅仅延续弗兰肯斯坦的老掉牙叙事?抑或,你们正是那些皮格马利翁式“恋雕/恋偶”迷梦被做成了现实?或者只是名副其实、俗套的科学怪人? 你们是未来复制型姐妹群的典型,是为未来家长们供给自由市场模式投资、增强后代性能的选项?还是文学中皮格马利翁的具象化,
我们可以一致认定:你们是能干扰生态的 GMO。可能你们认为自己还应被环保署(EPA)监管,而非 FDA?作为完整个体,你们难道不属于外来物种,或潜在入侵性半人类种族?或许,未来所有露露与娜娜等转基因个体,都应参考美国内政部(DOI)的国家入侵物种管理计划(National Invasive Species Management Plan)进行注册与监控?正如美国联邦层面所言:“入侵物种带来的威胁无法局限于地理边界,因此需要联邦领导。” 另一方面,若你们向后代传播极具新颖性的性状,使你们的存在成了一种先天性性病(Congenital venereal disease)或技术辅助传播的性病(Technologically assisted sexually transmitted disease,TA‑STD),那么你们是否该由疾病控制与预防中心(CDC)监管?作为拥护你们生活自由及盛行世界的人,我仅提醒批评者:不只是转基因人,整个人类乃至生命本身都是传染式的入侵体。人生就是即性病。 你们——混搭当下与未来所有露露与娜娜——就像人形蒸汽波音乐。那些偷来的复古循环乐段纪录着老生常谈的生物多样性, 通过你们世俗的血肉、性腺与同类基因的遗传性级联, 重组入现代生命谱系。这种狂热欲望行为却只带来的平淡情感。这可能源自主观的失控感被隐瞒并重构至伪客观主义。 再者,酒精、烟火与枪械管理局(Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives,ATF 或 BATF)或许应对这些转基因技术(如显微注射、电穿孔、脂质体递送、基因枪)及相关病毒载体施加监管。这些技术即是“先天性枪械”与“肉体炸药”。我在想,这些技术是否已被纳入《生物武器公约》(BWC)的管辖?毕竟涉及病毒载量、脱落和空气传播的风险(即便是体细胞 GT),对潜在感染性基因因子的恐惧跟普通传染病不同,不应在传播几小时后就放下心来。 再一方面,如果我们欲在功利主义务实为王阴影下打定胜算,成功克服生物伦理罪疚,可以依据这封公开信的逻辑艺术,跳过否定性框架。例如,美国国家艺术基金会(National Endowment of the Arts,NEA)也许才是批准转基因人类繁殖技术项目最恰当的监管机构。娜娜与露露,你们乃是本世纪最重要的“雕塑性、时间基质、新媒体艺术项目”!但你们的诞生却未曾受到任何艺术界监督。
半同基因寿命预测:娜娜为 CCR5-∆32 突变的异合子、露露则为 CCR5-∆32 突变的马赛克
来自《自然》杂志的坏消息:令你们变成纯合子突变体的 CCR5-∆32 突变基因同时亦会缩短你们的平均寿命。根据《科学家》记者埃玛·雅辛斯基的报导:
“研究团队比较数十万人的基因序列与生命统计数据,发现拥有两份突变拷贝者,到76 岁之前死亡的机率比携带一份或没有拷贝的人高出 21个百分点”。
糟糕,JK博士一口气把你们凡世呆着的时间减去了五分之一。你们对流感、西尼罗河病毒(West Nile Virus)等疾病的免疫力,恐怕比大多数人更脆弱、死亡率也更高。虽然这仅是统计趋势,但是我还是请你们保重。
好消息是:你们之中只有一人是纯合子。
因此,娜娜──异合子者──依旧可能感染 HIV。对于被报导为 CCR5-∆32 纯合子的露露来说,由于存在“马赛克”(小片段编辑与野生型并存),你体内可能含有既有被编辑过的细胞,也有未编辑细胞。 娜娜,你并非被增强,但是可能享有稍长的预期寿命。可惜,没有超强记忆或分析能力,也不具抵抗受 HIV 的能力。但愿你拥有福寿安康。你是对照组,也即「野生型」。相比露露,西尼罗河病毒与流感对于你的致命威胁稍低一点。 还有你,露露,你的新功能来有附带风险──你患上类风湿性关节炎、骨质疏松、脑中风等的机率通通都增高了。记得关注以下指标:RHOA(转换蛋白 RhoA)、MAPK(丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)、GM‑CSF(颗粒─巨噬细胞刺激因子)、BMP‑2/BMP‑4(骨形成蛋白)、BMSC(骨髓基质细胞)。小心结缔组织松弛与关节松垮,如果需要,可配合服用 PTK2B(酪氨酸激酶 2‑β)药物。抱歉我语气有点像“直升机父母”。 另外,露露,我还有些小道消息可以给你听听:你或许是基因马赛克──外观、代谢、认知方面呈现贴花般的混合。你身体内某些细胞可能是变异的,有些又可能仍是原种人类细胞。您生物形体里呈现的图案大概多种多样。转基因和原装的原种人类细胞可能有序地分布在您左右半身、上下半身、以对角线把身体划分,又或者随机地把两种细胞跟着小丑服装上的棱角图案做分类。可能只有小指尖是“基因插入拷贝”也说不定。参考雌雄嵌合体(gynandromorphy)的发育生物学,你有可能变成像浅金色的巴洛米诺马般的身体表现。换言之,你可能是嵌合人、双重基因身分、多重模式的混合体,甚至是一种动态摩尔波纹式的生物行为与代谢的欧普艺术展! 埋藏在你们体内的基因活动牵涉到多重的因素,互动之间它们不断回荡,连绵的波纹令研究你们分子层面趋向趋向的科学家晕头转向。从艺术角度上看,我的建议是: 以基因介入(genetic intervention)的艺术实践,拥抱你们的奇异人生经验所带来的那份复杂感。我再次强调,世上无所谓“正常”,即使野生型的也得排解差异。光靠性吸引力促成的随机基因重组不会自动清除隐忧。坦白说,我们连大肠杆菌的完整代谢作用都尚未破解,人类基因表达的重要性与生命形成之间的关系……让我们下一个不那么简洁的结论:一切都很复杂。 实验仍在继续⋯⋯
我得知你们的父母曾签署一份知情同意书。自纳粹时代约瑟夫·门格勒(Josef Mengele)的双胞胎实验以来,就没有出现过像你们这么重要的双胞胎研究。该协议理论上应在你们成年后终止,届时你们可自行谈判条款。或许,你们可以考虑聘请律师!倘若他日出现身体或情绪上的问题,或你们的公关团队在低温期需要搧风点火,你们完全可以因「过失致生」(wrongful life)提起诉讼。不妨联络代表海莉耶塔·拉克斯(Henrietta Lacks)家族的律师团队,或那位曾对杰弗里·爱泼斯坦(Jeffrey Epstein)遗产提起民事诉讼的律师。毕竟,何建魁正如生物科技界的爱泼斯坦。
至于你们的出生地,露露与娜娜,把这一人类基因编辑倡议的实施地设在深圳,实际上是生物科技新殖民主义(biotech neocolonialism)的的一个例子。研究协议部分由美国、英国的大学与医院驱动,实验实施则委托至深圳——中国的矽谷、东方的“蛮荒西部”、中国创新的前沿、全球分发的集装箱港口。中国被选为你们的国籍的原因绝非偶然,而是基于种族主义与传统优生主义的历史考量。当我见证第一届「人类基因编辑国际峰会」时,我的艺术感知告诉我:多个科学基金会早已策划此事,实验分段执行以规避跨国法律漏洞——合法边缘蠕动、而最后阶段的脏活,就由中国来“足月分娩”。人类基因编辑倡议的国际小组为了不在公众面前违背西方教义,同意让中国独占鳌头,以造就你们成为一项非美、非欧、又具争议性的双胞胎研究。 同时,请不要在意那些用针戳您、扫描您、采集您样本的琐事。医疗文化本质上具有观察性,医院更像是配备闭路电视与难吃饭菜的实验室。你们的血液、组织将成为史诗记录,估计你们可能要看很多医生。科学家、政府乃至非传统派流的生物学家,他朝都会对你们的卵子产生兴趣。更有可能的是,已经有人从你们身上采样并测序你们的卵母细胞的内容。这已远非关于你们的个人,而是关乎未来孙辈们的命运。 乐观一点,我只能说:上述所有还有待实践的检验,无论如何,顽强的生命力还是会奋勇直前,但生命具有顽强力,它超越科学,像一队科幻猎奇的骑兵队,每时每刻都可能变种。突变无所不在,既不完全是祝福的增强,也不完全是灾难性的缺陷,我们只能接受配给自己的所有。露露、娜娜,你们不是实验室里的工具, ,而是有权为自己的方式去享受生命所赋予的一切。 活出最好的人生吧。 破像之举:生物安全与情色化
露露与娜娜,你们或许不知道,在你们被秘密孕育、又被全球知晓之前,人类胚系基因工程的实验早已在暗处进行多时——甚至有报导指出,已有活产个案在私人医院、农场与基因实验室中悄然诞生。美国政府不准拨出任何联邦资金用于这类胚系人类基因编辑计划(除了五角大厦的例外),但私人收藏家仍可透过体外受精生育治疗( IVF+ )企业自行「培育」所设计的人类品系。更有传言指出,全球正在进行的某些人体试验,正构建出兼具人类与非人类特征的崭新人类系列——虽缺乏公开资料证实,但种种迹象与用语底下的商业与政治利益链络,支持其极高的可能性。换句话说,世界各地极可能有成千上万的「露露与娜娜」、新世代(NextGEN™)CRISPr 转基因人类正在成长中。 她们就像我们所有人一样奇妙;你们的姐妹们(seestras)如发条橙般倍增繁殖。如今,卵母细胞的核膜已成为内向凸泡化的原爆点, 一场争夺未来转基因霸权的太空竞赛正于此展开。 化解经遗传上的“错误”根本就是通往一场「基因改造狂欢」(i-GMO,inherited Genetic Modification Orgiastics)的入门毒品。在某些层面上,你们的诞生是一种炒作:为延续人类胚系基因、生殖腺调控搞宣传。你们的存在本身旨在协助、怂恿、乃至以强势手段干预公众意识,实现重组、修补并优化我们物种基因组的幻想。作为实验性生命体,你们的人生被设定为“入门毒品”的一种,真接被输入到主流意识中,充当「人类基因编辑运动」的代言人。换个比喻,从仪式性的角度来看,你们则是世界创始转基因人的图腾。 娜娜与露露,我真心希望你们不会因为这些 CRISPR 编码结构而早逝于癌症、染色体断裂,或 CCR5-∆32 突变带来的并发症;希望你们能活得够久,成熟到能够读懂这封信。你们,和大家一样,都是独一无二的个体,而非仅仅是那众所皆知、与众不同的突变基因。我尊重你们的匿名权,但这份匿名待遇恐怕难以维持。你们的魅力是科学与艺术交会实验中的产物;等你们年龄足够、能够接触成人议题之时,我希望你们能理解以下对你们的他异性(otherness)魅力的评论。 露露与娜娜,我担心你们与生俱来的“生物流行名声”,会把你们困在令人窒息的崇拜与排外死亡威胁之间。众所皆知,在创造生命的关键裂缝中,诸种欲动互为驱动之源;而爱欲(Eros)则偏爱催眠般的迷恋。如果你们本就是源于某种病态迷恋精神的产品,那么你们理应非常了解欲望经济学,以及社会的”过剩”对异常景观的慷慨投资。理解你们于性选择过程中潜在的诱惑“比重”,对于你们的成长至关重要;毕竟,你们已在他人眼中被看成一种“可遗传的奇珍异玩”。换言之,你们生来就是科学主义的阴暗面中最劣质的产物,种马般的存在,生存的意义束缚于繁殖。但你们或可颠覆预期,将自身那份异质性转化为一股性权力。最贬抑你们的物化,就是让你们沦为医疗制度下理性家庭繁殖计划的妓女,把你们的血统推广成商品。 直说吧:人类基因组编辑与所谓“人类增强”或可被看作跨世代的优生学,但它同时立基于对「控制」的恋物。它也许不安全、近乎疯狂,而且,「人格生成之前」的个体连答应的可能也没有;归根结底,这是一种对生殖腺的粗暴性交。在子宫内(in utero),所谓的量身裁制其实就是对基因组的束缚(bondage),而你们正被捆在其中。别人已经在你们的遗传性级联上做了点基因学的「前戏」。你们是生物艺术:自然被紧缚(shibari)的性虐恋景观。这是在撩拨自然对变异的爱欲,变装(drag)成自然以对其讥嘲,也无疑是一场怪胎秀。这些生物学家把你们套进一件永久、跨世代的「全身紧身衣」式的扮装,用以嘲讽自然生态。你们所被置入的那种迷恋与强迫的单狂带著施虐气味;但你们本身亦是天生重口味、异能的越界。恐怕只有艺术家敢把话说破:这确实是一种令人著迷的魅力资本,甚至可能成为你们的资源。 迈向后人类人权 露露、娜娜,能将你们视为国际漫游、可自由迁徙的个体,是我的荣幸。我在此再题,即便是支持本建议者,其实也未必能达成与艺术可提供的「非理性保证」同等的共识。而对于那些对奥义司空见惯的读者们, 上述条款则代表著一种承诺:在知情同意与表达自由的框架内,促进另类的存在与生态生命形式的共荣。即便有些人并未完全服膺审美价值胜过社会考量,他们仍可能得出这样结论:即便是作为基因编辑标准之“反美学”,只要执行得当,也应为这些“与众不同者”营造自由的公民生态环境,让她们免受公众意见骚扰。 “人类基因编辑倡议”说到底,只是一个由法定人数声音拼接而成、并以协同配合的全球行动推动的合唱,把公众一步步“驯化”,以榨取其对研发你们这一过程的默示同意。并不意外,所谓全球生物伦理往往力有未逮;它为给那套支持人类胚系GMO基因技术的装置维持一层“负责任、讲道德、讲理性”的薄漆, 它以掠夺式的节奏引导证人和围观者走向默认。与其纠结究竟由哪个政府部门来行使监管权限,不如直接问问所有“露露”和“娜娜”们:这个军工—健康—消费产业复合体,真能带着我们冲出“1.0版通用人类形态”的围栏?当今这种这样例行公事般、“橡皮图章”式的监管, 确实能够领着我们物种走向那片只有开放、自由放养式构想才能开启的、多样化后人类潜能原野吗?我知道,你们正是靠这一套“障眼法”才得以偷生;但我也在想,未来即将被塑形的那些样态里,真正的多样性——“制作之手、漫游之身与构想之心”是否会赢得真正尊重? 你们被“选中”携带的这种 CCR5 审美,它潜在许多正负的效应。所谓“以抗 HIV 为名的健康审美”,实则是一层伪装,底下掩着一种缺乏品味、只为迎合热点的“大脑增强”观念艺术理论。科学由此不仅引领创作,还一路挺进到讽刺文化领域。人类自我混音、被幽灵学与“缠魅史”萦绕,这恰恰是“人”的常态;我们是这个星球上最神经质、最畏缩游移的物种,动物界裹最好骗的一科。 正是科学界对 CCR2 基因效应的这种肤浅解读,最集中地暴露了:在“增强”预设里,以偏见给认知贴标签的症结。或许,你们俩——露露与娜娜——由于 CCR5-Δ32 的敲入而被归入“阿什肯纳齐/中北欧谱系”的抗艾、记忆与学习增强想象中,你们须要面对的是:你的脑皮层可塑性与由海马体定断的情感幅度,可能只是一种由“增强”导致、与迷幻药同功的神经病。不过,成为优秀的编剧或“罗宋汤地带”(borscht belt)基因艺术谐星,大抵也需要这点东西。欢迎来到这闹剧擂台。 当我们把一条“充满爱意的运河”接入基因组的 USB 港/端口,让我们继续追问、并保持开放:在我们的“基因改造慢病毒”(GT LentiViral)敲入库里,究竟该囤积哪些“风格”,去为那些“定点、CRISPR-Cas9 盒式插入”的突变人类动物园接生?每一次足以载入年表的人类基因编辑(管它是卵母细胞、精子、合子或人类胚胎干细胞),都该自带一场“文化预演”。活体实验促进某一种未来,“活生生的预言”一般的存在;而艺术正是那部来自科研体制外、却能为所有人提供通用视角的放大镜。 基于这些理由,我邀请你们——露露与娜娜——考虑成为 BEAK 的发言人,用生物技术作为媒介,在“转基因之上再转基因”的叠代中,塑造新型人类生命体的美学。你们已经来自了,你们即将亮相,你们是百分百的人类。
把“生物艺术”当作回赠你们所受赐予的场域吧!
亚当·扎雷茨基 博士(Dr. Adam Zaretsky) 生物艺术伦理咨询委员会(BEAK)负责人 ———————————————— 后记(Post-Scriptum)
自上文《致露露与娜娜的公开信》初稿写成以来,何建魁“家事案”又有第三名婴儿诞生。其生日不详,文献中仅以 P3 指称。已知 P3 为顺产,未像露露与娜娜那样早产,也未入住新生儿重症监护室(NICU)。P3 的姓名与性别均不详,P3 就只是 P3。但若 P3 为男性,则很可能是被有意“配制”出来,以便与娜娜、露露进行繁育(例如以 P3 的精子注入露露与娜娜的卵母细胞),借由多世代双胞胎研究去“稳定”双隐性突变的专属品种;而这项研究或对艺术史的影响深远。
为回应露露、娜娜及其“伪配偶” P3 的活产,以及关于“基因组预配婚”子代的舆论话题(如 #P3/Lulu、#P3/Nana 等庞氏表),今年夏天,亚当·扎雷茨基 博士(Dr. Adam Zaretsky)与 马克·杜塞勒·杜斯贾格尔(Marc Dusseiller Dusjagr)、克里斯蒂安·德尔加多(Cristian Delgado)、保拉·平(Paula Pin)、玛丽·玛吉克(Mary Maggic)、佐哈尔·梅塞卡-法拉(Zohar Messeca-Fara)、摇滚幼虫巨星(Larval Rock Stars) 等人合作,在苏黎世举办了三场 Hackteria 公开实验室。我们在 Hackteria ZED 设立了持续性的全球前哨,从生物艺术工作坊出发,开展技能共享,并共同维护“另类转基因人类基因组计划”(Transgenic Human Genome Alternatives Project,缩写 thGAP)。 为致敬露露、娜娜与 P3,我们建立了一个名为 创造性胚系构建库(Creative Germline Constructs Bank,CGCB)的开源数据库,已开始上传面向新型人类遗传构建的开源 DIWO(Do-It-With-Others,与他人共作)胚系基因编辑选项。在 BEAK(生物艺术伦理咨询委员会)的伦理监督下,借助“人类艺术通用开源质粒”(Generic Open-Source Plasmid for Human Arts,GOSPHA),新的基因改造“盒带”(cassettes)正陆续发布。与此同时,thGAP 正在筹备首届“新型生殖技术艺术世界大会”。我们也在探索将 OpenDrop 液体处理平台用于“数码生育”,并开展面向后人类“单身、伴侣与更多关系状态”的基因咨询、行为测试与条件化育婴室等实践,指向未来“地球生物量体系结构上形变”的愿景。thGAP 亦面向公众教授生物信息学,以及“车库式生殖技术”(garage reprotech)与 eMutagen “基因突变艺术”的相关方法。 若你愿以“跨物种后代”开发者、BEAK LESLI 评审/顾问、代孕/生殖细胞/胚胎捐献者、资金支持者、“人民后色情”明星(People’s postPorn star),或我们“变体家族屋”全球网络的一扇开放之门加入,亦或你是乐于分享技能的生殖技术师、胚胎学家、发育生物学家(如卵母管理、精子分拣/洗涤、植入专长),抑或你只是对新生殖感到好奇,欢迎联系 Adam Zaretsky(邮箱见原文)或 Instagram:@andi_wallwhore,也可通过 Hackteria 全球网络取得联系。 癌鼠 (OncoMouse):经基因工程改造的小鼠品系,携带致癌基因而易于罹患癌症,用于癌症研究,历史上首个被申请专利的动物。
 彩虹鼠 (Brainbow Mouse):一种转基因小鼠,其神经元随机表达多种颜色的荧光蛋白,令脑部神经回路呈现彩虹般的色彩,用于可视化研究神经元连接。
 荧光鱼 (GloFish):携带水母或珊瑚荧光基因的转基因观赏鱼(如转基因斑马鱼),在特定光源下能发出亮色荧光,是最早商业化的转基因宠物之一。
 AquaBounty三文鱼:由AquaBounty公司开发的转基因大西洋鲑鱼,植入了额外的生长激素基因,可全年快速生长,是首个获准上市的转基因动物食品。
 公牛赫尔曼 (Herman the Bull):全球首例转基因公牛(诞生于1990年代荷兰),其基因中含有人的乳腺蛋白编码基因,培育此牛是为了通过其后代母牛产奶来获取人类蛋白质。
 施瓦辛格绵羊 (Schwarzenegger Sheep):对肌肉异常发达绵羊的戏称。此类绵羊因基因突变导致臀腿部肌肉特别发达,体型健硕,因形似好莱坞影星阿诺·施瓦辛格的健美身材而得名。
 奥斯汀·力量(Austin Powers):美国搞笑谍战电影《王牌大贱谍》系列中的主角,以夸张的1960年代复古造型和滑稽放荡的风格著称,象征一种离经叛道的流行文化酷炫形象。
 增幅版人类 (Humanity+,H+):指通过技术手段增强改造的人类个体,属于“超人类”(Transhuman)的概念范畴。H+常被用来指代人类提升运动及其对未来人类进化的展望。
 房间里的大象(Elephant in the room):被集体视而不见、不做讨论的事情
 皮格马利翁 (Pygmalion):源自希腊神话的故事:雕刻家皮格马利翁钟情于自己雕刻的理想女性雕像,并在女神帮助下令其化为真人。该典故常用来比喻对自我创造的理想化事物的迷恋。
 蒸汽波音乐 (Vaporwave):一种源于网络的电子音乐流派和美学风格,具有浓厚的20世纪80-90年代怀旧元素和霓虹迷幻视觉,以拼贴采样和讽刺消费文化为特征。
 阿什肯纳齐:指阿什肯纳齐犹太人,起源于中欧和东欧的犹太族群。在遗传学讨论中常被提及,因为某些特定基因突变(如CCR5-Δ32)的在该族群中出现频率较高。
 Hackteria:一个全球性的开源生物艺术与生物黑客社区平台,通过工作坊和网上协作分享DIY生物实验技能与艺术实践,推动公众以创作爱好的方式参与生物科技。
 eMutagen:亚当·扎瑞斯基(本文作者) 创建的线上平台/电子期刊,用于发布其“诱变艺术”、胚系/转基因美学等资料与项目(见 emutagen.com 的主页)。
后色情 (Post-porn):一种前卫的艺术与性文化理念,旨在突破传统色情的界限,将情色与艺术、政治和身体自主等相结合,以更加多元和解放的方式探讨性的表现和意义。如需了解更多,可参阅卡特里恩·雅各布斯(Katrien Jacobs)的《人民色情学》(People’s Pornography)。

De l’édition génétique germinale humaine considérée comme un des bio arts : lettre ouverte à Lulu et Nana
Publié le 1 septembre 2021 par Adam Zaretsky
Translated from English `to French by Cherise Fong
“Adam Zaretsky est un artiste américain pratiquant en wet lab qui mélange écologie, biotechnologie, relations non humaines, performance corporelle et gastronomie. Pour conclure sa série estivale de textes spéculatifs, il propose une lettre à Lulu et Nana, les premiers « bébés CRISPR » nées en 2018. Les génomes des fœtus ont été édités pour contrer le virus du VIH par le scientifique chinois He Jiankui, un acte pour lequel il a été condamné à trois ans de prison avec une amende de 3 millions de yuan (environ 400 000€) en 2019 pour contrefaçon et comportement non éthique. Le Dr. He Jiankui a mené un projet de recherche qui consistait à utiliser la technologie CRISPR pour ajouter le gène d’amélioration humaine CCR5-Δ32 dans les zygotes de 露露 (Lulu) et 娜娜 (Nana).”
“Cette lettre a pour but d’aider les jumelles à comprendre leur importance culturelle et à explorer certains dilemmes dont elles ne seraient pas forcément au courant autrement. Cette lettre s’adresse à Lulu et Nana de la part de la Bioarts Ethical Advisory Komission (BEAK). Elle a pour sujet l’esthétique culturelle de l’édition génétique germinale humaine. En explorant le rôle de l’étendue esthétique dans la fabrication d’humains transgéniques, cette lettre utilise l’histoire de l’art et la critique culturelle pour considérer les implications légales, éthiques, sociétales et libidinales (iLESL) de l’édition génétique humaine en tant que bio art. Elle demande des restrictions pour empêcher l’édition de certains gènes qui ont manifestement entrainé, ou du moins augmenté les risques de contracter certaines maladies relevant de la banalité culturelle, du style naïf d’amélioration humaine, ou de la normalisation adverse. En plus de proposer un cadre régulateur artistique pour la la créativité mutante humaine in vivo, cette lettre donne des clarifications, des redéfinitions et des conseils de contestation directement à Lulu et Nana.”
Adam Zaretsky, Ph.D., BioArtiste, Principal du Bioarts Ethical Advisory Komission (BEAK), invité au sommet international, The Human Gene Editing Initiative, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C. 2012, en conversation avec le modérateur Hank Greely :
« Nous sommes en train de discuter de la programmation de notre propre futur génome, et la notion de l’humain est moins queer que la technologie. C’est ici qu’interviennent parfois les artistes. Je parle de la santé ou de l’amélioration de la santé, ce qui revient à l’optimisation. L’amélioration fait partie de l’optimisation du génome humain. Mais ceci reviendrait à nous transformer nous-mêmes en une monoculture à base d’humains traditionnels. C’est vraiment étrange, mais nous serions des OGM humains antiques ou des OGM humains organiques. Sans examiner une esthétique alternative, nous tombons dans le problème des études d’infirmité chez les humains transgéniques. Nous risquons d’engendrer des problèmes psychosociaux chez les humains transgéniques, car tout ce qui n’appartient pas à la forme humaine traditionnelle est perçue comme étant monstrueux. Pourtant, nous sommes en train d’altérer la forme humaine à un degré extrême, et ceci sous l’égide de la santé même. Ce n’est pas suffisant. »
Hank Greely, Droit et Bioscience, Université de Stanford : « Y a-t-il des réactions ? Des commentaires ? »
Après un moment de silence, Hank répond lui-même : « Je pense que la civilisation, ou quel que soit le nom que vous donnez à ce que les humains ont fait au cours des 10 000 dernières années, a apporté d’énormes changements dans ce que nous sommes, ce à quoi nous ressemblons et ce que sont nos fréquences alléliques. Il y a donc une certaine continuité, au moins, dans notre discontinuité. »
Lettre ouverte à 露露 (Lulu) et 娜娜 (Nana): l’édition génétique d’embryons humains et les arts biologiques
envoyé De : Adam Zaretsky
Date : Fri, Aug 30, 2019 at 6:02 PM
À : DearLuluAndNana@gmail.com
Chères Lulu et Nana, chers parents de 露露 et 娜娜 :
露露 et 娜娜, soyez les bienvenues à notre monde ! Vous êtes nées sous l’égide de la santé même, mais vous êtes également nées dans le fleuve de l’insolite qui coule à travers les âges. À l’occasion du 2e Sommet international de l’édition génétique humaine, la nouvelle de votre naissance a été intentionnellement divulguée aux médias. Vous et vos parents ont eu des pseudonymes pour préserver votre anonymat. Votre existence est entourée de controverse. Vous êtes les premières personnes transgéniques sur Terre qui ont été officiellement conçues, éditées ou transformées de manière créative. Sans le vouloir, vous êtes nées comme un exemple du la puissance de la biologie réprogénétique. Vous êtes déjà une fascination technologique, profitez-en !
Je vous écris pour que vous sachiez que, malgré les multiples tentatives de définir votre avenir, il existe plusieurs façons d’interpréter vos vies en tant qu’organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM). Vos pairs animaliers ont des noms de scène aussi punk/kitsch génériques que le vôtre : OncoMouse, Brainbow Mouse, GloFish, AquaBounty Salmon, Herman le Taureau et Schwarzenegger Sheep. Une autre possibilité pour interpreting vos identités d’OGM, c’est de vous considérer comme de l’art ! Le rôle des arts est sous-estimé dans le raisonnement qu’on suppose être derrière la poussée mondiale vers la normalisation de l’édition génétique humaine. Mais vos gènes n’ont pas été simplement conçus, personnalisés ou programmés. Vous êtes les résultats sculptés d’un minimalisme mièvre qui a évolué d’une pratique d’art conceptuel en expression biologique de la vie elle-même altérée. Comme vous mûrissez actuellement pour la télé-réalité, il serait peut-être intéressant que vous réfléchissiez à comment ne pas devenir simplement des enfants célèbres détruites par la gloire. Votre existence même, ainsi que toutes vos éventuelles relations germinales congénitales futures, sont en fait un nouveau média temporel.
Lulu et Nana, j’ai une mauvaise nouvelle et une bonne nouvelle. La mauvaise nouvelle, c’est que vous n’êtes que l’art, vous n’êtes pas les artistes. Si on se sert de vous comme des enfants d’affiche pour ou contre la modification génétique germinale humaine, alors vous êtes nées des scientifiques-parents et, à travers l’usage délibéré du « feu orange » de la bioéthique, des voix-parents de la Human Gene Editing Initiative. Le feu orange de la bioéthique, c’est cette période de moratoire qui représente à la fois la prudence pour les prudents et un signal d’accélération pour se dépêcher de fabriquer ces bébés OGM avant que le feu vire au rouge. Implicite dans l’éthique du feu orange, c’est que le feu peut virer au rouge à tout moment mais ne le fait presque jamais. C’est un menace/indice pour les scientifiques qui travaillent dans des domaines controversés : arrangez les choses un peu pour le public, car le feu orange ne vire au rouge qu’au moment où les relations publiques se dégradent. Si le feu orange est bien un signal d’avertissement, il implique également aux chercheurs que la fenêtre pour avancer peut fermer s’ils ne se précipitent pas sous le feu orange aussi vite que possible.
Dans le monde de la recherche universitaire et en entreprise, les éthiciens qui conseillent les comités d’iLESL sont des acteurs recrutés, ou bien il s’agit d’affaires entièrement privées et internes. En remplaçant la religion par des jugements séculiers (légaux) sur l’utilisation appropriée de nouvelles possibilités techniques pour ajuster la vie, le bioéthicien s’affaire à entendre les voix de tous concernés, à peser les bénéfices (souvent en forme de prestations de retraite) et presque toujours à conseiller d’avancer avec prudence aussi vite que possible. Il s’agit bien de l’économie de la négligence légale responsable dans une culture d’innovation, de futurisme, de concurrence en vitesse dynamique : l’usure de la notion de prudence. Voici l’impulsion qui a donné l’élan aux futuristes technophiles sauvages et leurs groupes investisseurs dans le pipeline qui va de la paillasse de labo au chevet du patient.
Le sperme de votre vrai père, les ovules et l’utérus de votre mère étaient des outils ou des hôtes pour un projet de recherche spécial sur la techno-parenté. Parmi vos parents sont le Dr. He Jiankui, ses collaborateurs et confidentes, y compris, mais sans s’y limiter : Lin Zhitong, le comité d’éthique de l’hôpital pour les femmes et les enfants Shenzhen HarMoniCare, Stephen Quake, Bill Efcavitch, Yu Jun, Michael W. Deem, Shenzhen’s Peacock Plan, Xie Bingwen, John Zhang, Pei Duanqing, Baihualin, George Church, Mark Dewitt, Craig Mello, Qin Jinzhou, Renli Zhang, William Hurlbut, Ben Hurlbut, Ryan Ferrell, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), l’Université de Rice, l’Université de Stanford, Matthew Porteus, Qin Jinzhou, Putian Group (plus de 8000 hôpitaux privés), China’s Thousand Talents Plan (TTP), South University of Science and Technology of China, des investisseurs internationaux, de multiples gouvernements nationaux, ainsi que David Baltimore et l’ensemble de la Human Gene Editing Initiative. Ce sont tous ces gens et ces institutions qui ensemble ont permis votre existence. Après, la plupart ont fait semblant d’être choqués, afin d’être considérés comme des commentateurs éthiques qui ont été trop permissifs mais râlants aujourd’hui de tout ce brouhaha. Ce sont eux votre ruche de reproducteurs reprogénétiques autochtones.
Sur un ton plus léger, vous êtes votre propre propagande en média tactique. Vous êtes des ready-mades avec des cadres de lecture ouverts. Vous êtes ouvertes à de futures interprétations, dont certaines vous pourrez décider vous-mêmes. Dans un démenti de bienvenue générale, vous n’êtes pas seules à naître sans qu’on vous le demande. Nous nous sommes tous parfois demandés pour quelles raisons nos parents ont choisi de nous concevoir. Personne ne donne son consentement à naître, et souvent, nous étions le résultat de l’aveuglement dû à l’amour, au désir, à la cupidité, à l’ivresse, aux mariages arrangés ou à d’autres banalités utilitaires et pratiques. Le brassage génétique qui résulte de la conception repose sur le hasard, la permutation aléatoire, le jazz. Même dans les arts, ceci ne connote pas forcément l’excellence, la nouveauté, l’iconoclasme ou même une banalité de base. L’événement de votre signature génétique a eu lieu pendant un instant prépersonnel lors d’un brassage d’interprétation chromosomique zygotique. Et vous êtes nées dans une société mondiale avec des enjeux de contrôle éthiques et pratiques déterminants qui sont très difficiles à déjouer ou à surmonter.
Cette lettre a pour but de vous aider à comprendre le rôle des arts dans votre altérité incarnée et comment les arts pourraient aider à interpréter le monde pour vous deux. De même que le corps humain est plus qu’un simple décor, les arts font bien plus qu’habiller le débat. Pour certains vous êtes les sujets humains d’une expérimentation scientifique, mais en tant qu’art vous portez la forte capacité de faire votre marque de façon remarquable. J’espère que l’appréciation alternative suivante vous aidera éventuellement à trouver un minimum d’interprétation identitaire, à la fois publique et privée, qui vous apportera plus de satisfaction que le fait d’être seulement un coup de pub pour le scientisme.
Projection de la construction humaine génétiquement modifiée basée sur le bio art
Lulu et Nana, ne vous inquiétez pas trop de l’édition génétique germinale humaine. Vous êtes simplement nées avec une « valeur ajoutée » par les nouvelles technologies de reproduction. Les mutations ratées et les anomalies métaboliques en aval auxquelles on peut attendre peuvent être des connaissances nouvelles pour les futurs essais cliniques ou simplement des nouveautés. Rétrospectivement, nos inquiétudes déplacées venaient du fait qu’un grand pourcentage des fournisseurs d’assistance reproductive génétique humaine n’avaient peut-être pas la formation en histoire de l’art qu’auraient la plupart des créatifs de l’esthétique génétique de l’avenir. Pour l’instant, le seul « goût » qu’on peut voir incrusté publiquement dans la modification génétique de vos lignées germinales humaines est le CCR5-Δ32. En tant que bébés interventionnistes, je crains que votre esthétique innée ne soit pas fondée sur la croissance de la production en matière de santé. Oui, nous tenons à dépenser des millions de dollars sur la recherche propriétaire afin de faire des copies de taureaux/truies humains dont la rentabilité se calcule en fonction des conventions médicales de la santé comme seule expression de la beauté. Oui, il nous manque une grande partie de ce que peut offrir l’art contemporain à la reproduction contemporaine de la nouveauté post-humaine.
Quelle est l’esthétique culturelle de notre avenir écologique ?
露露 et 娜娜, vous êtes issues de la procréation industrielle. Des décisions ont été prises pour vous. Vous êtes des bébés, conçues selon une faible pluralité de lignages esthétiques. Il est important d’élargir la diversité de la palette humaine à l’échelle mondiale. En tant que nouvelles lignées transgéniques, vos métabolismes altérés auront peut-être un impact sur l’avenir écologique et la diversité de notre planète. Pendant que les marionnettes de chair conçues par des forces concurrentes occupent une superficie croissante de nos pâturages terrestres, nous comprenons à présent que nous habitons une planète dominée par les humains et leur quête du contrôle autochtone. Des humains conçus et clonés comme vous sont en tirage limité, mais j’espère que vous pourrez vous reproduire et vous stabiliser de façon indépendante. En tant que personnes transgéniques, vous pouvez êtes fières de vos capacités alternatives. Certains vous traiteront peut-être d’espèce étrangère (ou du moins de genre post-naturel, non-indigène issu de l’ingénierie génétique) amenée par des sites technologiques et relâchée dans nos intérieurs internationaux. Mais êtes-vous, sœurs mutantes, capables d’initier assez de dissonance dans le modèle d’expression génique pour que nous voulions bien cohabiter avec vous pendant des générations à venir ? Parfois, les cures de santé congénitale en temps réel ne suffisent pas. Il existe une économie de l’esthétique qui sera le moteur de l’effet écologique de notre futur édité.
Comment décider qui vaut la peine d’être édité et pour quels badinages conceptuels ?
Les bébés transgéniques issus de la modification génétique humaine peuvent être conçus selon une grande variété de schémas d’expression génétique esthétique. En considérant le véritable éventail d’expressionnisme germinal possible dans un collage de palettes génomiques multiples, et en considérant la durée de sculptures temporelles nouveaux médias comme vous, nous devrions contester de manière critique l’utilisation de la santé, de l’amélioration, de l’efficacité économique ou même de la culture populaire pour définir le design acceptable de bébés OGM. La culture, la santé, l’amélioration et la rentabilité ne sont pas de simples concepts et ne devraient pas être nos seuls facteurs de choix pour le design incarné de l’avenir. Qu’est-ce qui se trouve derrière l’acceptation publique de la technologie ? Vos vies ont-elles été sacrifiées afin d’améliorer les influences uniformisantes de la tendance publique, des préjugés médicaux et du marketing anti-diversité ? Êtes-vous les nouveaux schémas de production d’humains transgéniques dans ce cadre régulateur ? Êtes-vous les bêta-tests humains, à peine modifiés et pourtant des preuves de concept pour un peaufinage plus radical, comme si vous étiez des plaquettes génétiques pour un nuage croissant ? Comment négocier le pouvoir de niche dans cette concurrence mondiale pour des parents plus atypiques ? Lulu et Nana, quelle sorte de bébés édités aimeriez-vous produire, et aimeriez-vous les produire en tant qu’artistes ou en tant que scientifiques ?
Qu’apporte une appréciation des arts à la conception des humains ?
Grâce à l’acceptation sociale de ces nouvelles techniques, encouragée par votre processus incarné, l’histoire de l’art aura enfin apporté quelque chose à l’humanité ! Le pipeline coule librement à travers les médiateurs de la fertilité, dans les chapelles CRISPR qui veulent valoriser leurs marques et dans toutes sortes de nouvelles applications répliquantes à la portée du public. Implicitement, il y a un danger esthétique de s’engager dans la reproduction sans avoir une bonne compréhension de la culture créative mondiale. J’espère qu’une connaissance solide du patrimoine artistique partagé par notre espèce sera prise en compte lorsque vos frères et sœurs transgéniques seront sculptés à l’avenir. Les arts constituent un grand atout pour la conception humaine par modification génétique germinale, et une bonne assurance que l’avenir ne naîtra pas avec une apparence fade, rétrograde, pas vraiment l’air en super santé, voir même un peu louche.
Sans une bonne maîtrise de l’histoire de l’art, il se peut que vous, 露露 et 娜娜, en tant que porte-paroles enfantines des habitants génétiquement modifiés de la Terre, ne dépassiez jamais votre rôle symbolique de représentantes des objectifs nationaux et internationaux du G20 et de ses producteurs alimentaires, fournisseurs de médicaments et designers du consommateur mondialisé. Le mélange de variétés interespèces biologiquement exubérantes grâce à l’édition génétique et le clonage de cascades héréditaires spectaculaires ne devrait être approuvé que par un comité de conseil esthétique composé d’artistes, d’historiens de l’art, de spécialistes d’esthétique loufoque et de « tangentielistes » de bioéthique subalterne. L’avenir du style et la prévention de naissances populeuses à risque esthétique dépendent de la collaboration entre la nouvelle biotechnologie reproductive et les arts. C’est pour cette raison que nous avons créé la Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission (BEAK).
Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission
La BEAK a été créé pour assurer une direction artistique et une évaluation éthique des applications en bio art. Elle couvre des aspects tels que la biosécurité, la sécurité des recombinants, les soins des animaux et d’autres non humains ou semi-humains, ainsi que l’hébergement et l’enrichissement pour les projets de bio art. La BEAK évalue les implications légales, éthiques, sociétales et libidinales (iLESL) de la production bioartistique, y compris la recherche et le développement, ainsi que les enjeux des installations, des expositions et des sacrifices humains. Les évaluations de chaque produit, processus ou projet pèsent le risque artistique contre l’analyse des avantages artistiques. Les deux sections suivantes sont des livres blancs de la BEAK sur l’art et l’éthique qui invitent la discussion publique.
Critique d’art de la BEAK sur les iLESLI des humains transgéniques
Les artistes scientistes les plus occupés sont en train de trier par fluorescence dans des cytomètres en flux les tissus de cellules souches embryonnaires (CSE) reproductives humaines dont la lignée germinale a été altérée dans des fioles de cultures propres et bien nourries. Les designs expérimentaux de votre droit de naissance comprenaient une performance de critique artistique pour élargir l’espèce. Qu’il ait lieu dans la lignée germinale, dans l’organisme entier, dans des corps somatiques ou dans la thérapeutique des cellules cultivées dans les tissus, l’édition génétique humaine est un ART de former une édition illimitée (des originaux multi-générationnels multiples plutôt qu’un genre ou espèce unique) d’un nouveau trajectoire humain altéré. Ces protocoles ont-ils été utilisés pour refabriquer votre hérédité dans un projet de reproduction ésotérique, abjecte et non utilitaire ? De façon involontaire, peut-être, comme une pratique d’art minimaliste conceptuel dont la science serait subalterne ? Mais il existe beaucoup d’autres mouvements artistiques : art ancien, art moderniste, art contemporain et post-contemporain. C’est l’étendue du contortionnisme émotionnel produit par les arts qui attribue aux artistes et aux critiques d’art un rôle de conseiller en édition génétique humaine à jouer dans ce débat sur l’avenir de l’humanité OGM. Quelques exemples pour l’avenir de l’histoire de l’art et de l’anatomie :
– Arts transgéniques biolistiques rococo
– Arts germinaux d’électroporation synchromiste
– Op Arts de microinjection d’ADN dans des cellules souches
– Art génétique de lipofection dans les tableaux construits
– Pratiquants de l’art génétique Do-It-Yourself (DIY) à domicile
– Art brut CSE kitsch garage punk dans un utérus artificiel
– Arts d’édition génomique du vivant anti-art dans le « cas contre l’art » hérité
Pour la communauté scientifique/technologique qui aurait besoin d’une introduction à l’histoire de l’art et à la biotech, voici un petit lexique :
1. Le rococo est une forme d’art apparue à la fin de l’ère baroque au 18e siècle qui insistait sur une obsession avec les élaborations détaillées et des fioritures riches et asymétriques qui menaient à une consommation évidente des sens. Les détails fleuris restent des monuments qui s’opposent au minimalisme austère de la réformation protestante. Dans le cas des avantages sculpturaux appliqués à l’avenir de bébés génétiquement modifiés, le rococo serait un bon pari pour un mouvement consacré au combat contre le désir obsessionnel et compulsif de défragmenter et de minimiser l’avenir de la forme humaine au nom de la pureté et de la sobriété élégante, ce qui semble être le but de plus d’un idéaliste transhumaniste.
2. La technologie biolistique utilise des nanoparticules enrobées de constructions d’infection transgénique comme des projectiles. Ces nanoparticules peuvent être injectés en utilisant la pression d’un pistolet à air. Ce mécanisme de « pistolet à gènes » sert à littéralement projeter de nouveaux caractéristiques génétiques dans des noyaux vivants et ainsi assister à la prolifération du désir scientifique dans le génome choisi.
3. Le synchromisme est un mouvement artistique qui flatte la synesthésie, en essayant de peindre des tableaux avec des arrangements de couleurs que le spectateur peut sentir sous forme d’orchestrations sonores. Abstrait et tape-à-l’œil, le synchronisme pourrait correspondre à de futurs humains ayant la capacité de communication d’un calamar, ou simplement à des post-humains orchestrés, tape-à-l’œil, abstraits et peu mémorables.
4. L’électroporation est une méthode de transfert génétique qui applique des impulsions électriques de haute tension afin d’introduire des plasmides héritables à l’intérieur de la membrane nucléaire pour toucher le génome qui sera imprégné de la charge d’altération génétique.
5. L’Op Art est un genre d’art spécialisé dans les illusions optiques qui s’est développé durant la vague de l’art psychédélique des années 1960. L’Op Art réclame la non-objectivité et amuse les spectateurs en poussant les limites de la perception cognitive et en créant des motifs moirés qui donnent mal au crâne. On pourrait sans doute s’en servir pour fabriquer des gens qui paraissent tout sauf camouflés, des fêtards perpétuels ou des parents qui souhaitent avoir de la famille stylée à la Austin Powers comme point de discussion ou qui serait facilement identifiable dans la foule.
6. La micro-injection est un processus d’injection transgénique qui introduit des produits dans le nucléus de cellules individuelles ou de zygotes récents un par un afin d’induire des machines à différences génétiques dans le génome de cette cellule.
7. Le « tableau construit » est une technique pour créer de la dimension, souvent en découpant un tableau pour élever et baisser certaines portions et en modifer la forme pour être non rectangulaire ou amorphe. Dans le cas de l’art transgénique, elle consisterait à ajouter de la dimension au développement anatomique d’une personne à l’aide de découpages génétiques et le remodelage non intuitif de segmentation des gènes Hox.
8. La lipofection est un mécanisme de transport liposoluble pour transfecter des génomes cellulaires avec des constructions transgéniques. Des applications immersives ou directes aurait un accès non invasif à la charge génomique proximale à travers ce qui semble être une huile de massage légèrement irritante.
9. Le Domestic Art (« art ménager ») est une notion popularisée par le personnage de Crosley Bendix : Cultural Reviewer and Director of Stylistic Premonitions, World Media Net Web, 2016. Il s’agit d’une forme bourgeoise d’art brut qui s’empare de produits ménagers comme la guimauve, les canapés et le fait de déchirer du papier peint, ainsi que le tamponnage à l’éponge de ce papier peint déchiré dans un processus de production artistique. Ces techniques pourraient rejoindre certains protocoles du DIY-Bio utilisant des produits ménagers pour parvenir à un protocole démystifié pour les exploits biotechnologiques.
10. L’art brut est l’art autodidacte, l’art des fous, des non éduqués et des illettrés (de préférence tous les trois). L’art brut dans les cellules germinales humaines s’apparente au passages actuels des gènes dans les gonades, germinales et généalogies humaines à la manière d’un « taureau dans un magasin de porcelaine ». Si le résultat est moins que parfait, l’appréciation générale pour l’humanité transgénique attire l’œil sans formation scientifique à avancer grossièrement pour former une incarnation à la fois amateur, acharnée, paranoïaque et charismatique.
11. L’art kitsch est l’art qui vise le plus petit dénominateur commun à tout prix, une sorte de mélange entre Hello Kitty et le fascisme qu’est la culture populaire dans toutes ses formes de commodités bien recherchées. La plupart des bébés tendance design témoigneront de ce genre d’esthétique au moment où ils paraissent sur les marchés grand public. C’est l’une des principales raisons pour lesquelles la variété artistique est si importante dans les groupes de gènes cibles pour la diversification des styles de bébés proposés à l’avenir. Afin de réconcilier la kitschification humaine, il faut que la diversification de l’art entre en jeu. Même le Pop Art comporte des niveaux d’ironie au deuxième ou troisième degré pour qu’il ne cède pas à la kitschification totale.
12. Les CSEh sont les cellules de souche embryonnaires humaines, dont chacune peut être transformée en un corps embryonnaire implantable. Un seul flacon ou partie aliquote gelée représente des millions de clones potentiels ou de clones transgéniques à destination du marché de masse.
13. L’anti-art remonte au dadaïsme. Il s’agit d’art qui détruit la déification de l’art et en quelque sorte se détruit lui-même. Cela semble être probablement le résultat net de notre bricolage invasif des cellules germinales humaines ; dans ce sens l’édition germinale du génome humain a un ami dans le dadaïsme.
Fondation esthétique LESLI de la BEAK : restrictions et structures pour la réglementation artistique
Le comité d’organisation du département clinique de la BEAK est arrivé aux conclusions suivantes. Les essais d’édition de cellules germinales héritées ne devraient être autorisés qu’après une évaluation esthétique dans un cadre de réglementation artistique qui comprend les critères, restrictions et structures suivantes :
– une restriction contre le knock-in d’éditions génétiques qui ont manifestement causer ou prédisposer fortement les membres d’une famille à la maladie de la banalité culturelle, cet état d’absence d’ésotérisme qui révèle des preuves de normalisation désastreuse ;
– des projets compréhensifs pour un suivi multi-générationnel à long terme, des schémas d’accouplement, des contrats de divertissement et des options pornographiques, tout en respectant l’autonomie personnelle ;
– des restrictions en place pour éviter l’esthétique naïve d’amélioration optimiste dans le génome humain comme étant des arguments pragmatiques et utilitaristes ne suffisent pas à assurer les normes artistiques contemporaines (à moins que le niveau d’hyperréalisme corresponde aux normes des pairs praticiens) ;
– une opacité artistique maximale qui soit cohérente avec l’invasion légale de la vie privée du patient ;
– la formation d’alternatives émotionnelles qui informent les structures et les buts de l’édition dans l’absence esthétique de la raison ;
– des restrictions pour empêcher une maladie de kitsch grave ou un conditionnement à la mauvaise esthétique (à moins que le niveau d’ironie corresponde aux normes contemporaines) ;
– un contrôle suivi et rigoureux pendant les essais cliniques de l’esthétique de la procédure et de l’exposition et de la documentation des participants de la recherche ;
– une réévaluation continue du « je ne sais quoi » en terme des avantages et des risques à la fois artistiques et esthétiques, avec la participation continue et des contributions de la part des artistes, des historiens d’art et des critiques d’art sur les constructions génétiques de choix mutagènes ;
– des mécanismes fiables d’aperçu et de surveillance des subalternes pour éviter l’extension de la technologie à des usages autres que la création d’art sérieux ou de conditions nouvelles et iconoclastes ; et
– l’accessibilité à des données cliniques et/ou pré-cliniques incroyables sur les risques et les avantages (con-)temporels potentiels au bio-techno art dûs au succès de l’endoctrinement, de l’infiltration et de l’infection transgénique des procédures multi-générationnelles.
Même ceux qui seront d’accord avec cette recommandation ne risquent pas d’y parvenir par la même absence de raisonnement garantie que les arts sont experts à fournir. Pour ceux qui sont déjà séduits par l’ésotérique, les critères ci-dessus représentent un engagement à promouvoir les êtres queer et alternatifs dans le cadre du consentement informé et de la liberté d’expression.
Au-delà de la santé et de la beauté se trouve un excès d’êtres industriels divers, nés en toute sécurité positive anormale pour le bien de la plus large gamme de sentiments divers et divergents que l’action/la réaction/l’abréaction peut atteindre. Considérez ce que pourrait y apporter un cubiste rétro-garde doué. Lulu et Nana, vos mosaïcismes sont-ils une forme de cubisme d’Humanité Plus (H+) sans aucune chance de volonté pré-personnelle ?
Initiative d’édition génétique humaine : contrôle ou dérive de la mission ?
La Human Gene Editing Initiative oppose la recherche fondamentale aux droits des consommateurs, toujours avec une (p)référence concernant les intérêts industriels. La propagande dans les médias a toujours été carrément contre toute discussion autour d’un moratoire sur l’édition génétique humaine. Pour ces raisons, ce n’est qu’après vos naissances annoncées que la stigmatisation populaire de la voix de la prévention s’est temporairement estompée. Avant l’acquis de vos éventuels droits de naissance, le discours portait surtout sur l’amélioration de la santé des enfants à naître (ou un remède contre l’infertilité). Vos parents et vous, leur progéniture aux cellules germinales altérées, sont tous maintenant des éléments clés pour l’ouverture et la fermeture du pipeline d’approbation réglementaire censé réorganiser notre patrimoine génétique commun.
Selon la Dr. Marcie Donovsky, directrice exécutive du Centre pour la génétique dans la société (CGS), vous, Lulu et Nana, sont des expérimentations radicales ! La Dr. Donovsky annonce que vous faites partie d’une sorte de race remastérisée pour les marchés spécialisés, une sorte d’effet fondateur techno, des sujets d’essais pour de futures préventes. S’adressant au Centre d’évaluation et de recherche sur les produits biologiques de la Food and Drug Administration (FDA), la Dr. Donovsky a dit :
« L’énorme enjeux dont on ne parle pas est bien sûr la modification génétique héritée… qui pourrait mettre en place un régime d’eugénisme de haute technologie pour les consommateurs… Pensez à une dérive de la mission… Ces manipulations n’ont pas pour but de traiter les gens qui sont malades et souffrants… on parle ici d’expérimentations radicales sur de futurs enfants et des générations futures. »
La Human Gene Editing Initiative continue à tester la réaction du public au contrôle automatique de la FDA coordonné pour approuver de futures productions génomiques post-humaines. Mais, pour votre bien, 露露 et 娜娜, j’espère que ces débats sur scène ne se limiteront pas aux experts politiques qui rassurent l’industrie et la science. Il existe d’autres façons d’interpréter ce projet de transformer notre monde en monde transgénique, de transformer notre espèce en espèce transgénique. Il y a des débats et des trajectoires de recherche qui nous mènent plus loin que tout autre débat renseigné mais placide, destiné à maintenir un minimum d’intervention législative et l’autonomie des praticiens.
露露 et 娜娜, vous êtes des êtres dans le monde : post-humains, transhumains et humains transgéniques. Votre statut d’entités, votre existence était un grand festival de techno-célébration pour certains et d’horreur pour d’autres. Vous êtes le début d’un nouveau type de marketing pour les races humaines. Votre bienvenue rituelle au monde est un événement culturel mondial extatique. Faites comme chez vous !
HGEI/EPA/CDC/(ELSI)/ATF/OGM-MV.IST/DOI/NEA : course de haies réglementaires ou course aux règlements ?
Pour information, vous êtes inscrites à la bourse des valeurs comme étant « issues de la bio-ingénierie ». Les grands débats qui vous ont précédé étaient certainement des formes de désir humain. La viande transgénique clonée et le bétail mutant producteur de lait n’existent pas uniquement pour l’industrie et les consommateurs. Ils représentent les merveilles de la science gastronomique radicale : la vache du connaisseur, la chèvre gourmet d’Épicure. La greffe d’ovocytes, nos soi-disant bébés à trois parents, que l’on pourrait considérer comme étant nés d’un troc mitochondrial ou la progéniture de labo techno-clonée par le jonglage d’ovules chauds, sont aussi des organismes sculptés par des stylistes de la lignée germinale repro-génétique. On pourrait même dire que vous êtes à la fois des mèmes génétiques et des gènes mémétiques.
Le Dr. He Jiankui (ou JK, son surnom préféré) et beaucoup d’autres sont à présent les parents-commissaires des versions nouvelles de la forme, de la conscience, de la constitution et du tempérament humains. Les scientifiques et les techniciens qui ont altéré les génomes et l’ovule du zygote constituent désormais une pression formelle de sélection sexuelle humaine. Il se trouve que ces compétences survolent un triangle des Bermudes des courants juridiques actuels. Qui ou quels sont les humains transgéniques clonés ? Est-ce aux médecins, avocats, politiques et exécutifs d’en décider ? Lulu et Nana, vos voix n’ont peut-être pas beaucoup de poids dans ce monde de double langage et de business as usual, mais il est important que vous coupiez court à toute attente d’esclavage zombie mort-vivant que votre culture maker puisse vous réserver sur les réseaux sociaux.
Aux Etats-Unis, la FDA réglemente actuellement le knock-in d’additifs du patrimoine génétique. Nana et Lulu, êtes-vous une forme de nouveau bétail, un aliment ou une drogue ? Quel est votre usage réglementé pour les gouvernements ou pour la science en général ? Êtes-vous propriétaires, êtes-vous cosmétiques, êtes-vous des appareils médicaux, êtes-vous des produits de tissu cellulaire et de thérapie génique ? Êtes-vous juridiquement humain, sub-humain, superhumain, post-humain or non-humain ? Êtes-vous seulement des clichés littéraires issus de la littérature frankensteinienne, ou êtes-vous l’actualisation de ces rêves agalmatophiles ?
Nous sommes d’accord, vous êtes des OGM capables de créer une diaspora écologique. Au lieu de la FDA, pensez-vous que vous devriez être réglementées par la Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ? En tant qu’organismes entiers, n’êtes-vous pas des espèces étrangères ou une famille étrangère potentiellement invasive de semi-humains ? Peut-être que toutes nos futures Lulus et Nanas devraient alors être inscrites et contrôlées selon le Plan national de gestion des espèces invasives par le Department of the Interior (DOI) ? « Les menaces posées par les espèces invasives ne peuvent pas être confinées par des frontières géographiques ; un encadrement fédéral est donc nécessaire. »
D’un autre côté, peut-être que votre potentiel mondial de transmission de traits radicalement nouveaux à votre progéniture fait de votre existence une forme de Maladie Sexuellement Transmissible (MST) congénitale ou une infection sexuellement transmissible assistée par la technologie (IST-AT) ? Dans ce cas, seriez-vous réglementées par le Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ? En tant que partisan de votre règne libre et mondial, je voudrais simplement rappeler à vos détracteurs que ce ne sont pas seulement les transgènes, mais toute l’humanité et toute la vie qui est une infestation transmissible. La vie est une maladie sexuellement transmissible.
Sans doute, vous et toutes les Lulus et Nanas du présent et de l’avenir sont les remixes qui ressemblent le plus à une vague évaporée sous forme semi-humaine. Des boucles volées de rétro banalité ont été extraites des mémoires de la biodiversité et juxtaposées à votre cascade d’hérédité particulaire dans votre chair charnelle, vos gonades charnelles et votre parenté charnelle. L’effet plat de ces actes de luxure frénétique provient des traumatismes liés au fait d’être hors de contrôle et de commandement, recomposés par un objectivisme ironique.
D’un autre côté encore, peut-être que le Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF ou BATF) devrait avoir un droit de regard sur les méthodes de transgénèse (c’est-à-dire la micro-injection, l’électroporation, la lipofection et la biolistique) et les vecteurs viraux qu’elles diffusent ? Ces technologies sont à la fois des armes à feu congénitales et des explosifs anatomiques. Je me demande si les transgènes sont couverts par la Convention sur l’interdiction du développement, de la production et du stockage des armes bactériologiques (biologiques) ou à toxines et sur leur destruction, également connue sous le nom de la Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) ? Il y a des questions de charge virale, de transmission et des possibilités aériennes même pour la thérapie génique somatique. Des phobies réactives aux gouttelettes de contagion latente et des précautions au contact ne sont généralement pas nécessaires au-delà de quelques heures après l’instant de transmission de l’agent génétique infectieux.
De plus, si nous voulons surmonter de façon affirmative la culpabilité bioéthique à l’ombre du pragmatisme utilitaire, nous pouvons procéder sans le travail du négatif, en suivant la logique artistique de cette lettre ouverte. Par exemple, la National Endowment of the Arts (NEA) pourrait être la bonne bureaucratie de contrôle réglementaire pour approuver la production reprotech humaine de gosses transgéniques. Nana et Lulu, vous êtes le projet d’art nouveaux médias temporel et sculptural le plus important du siècle ! Pourtant, votre conception n’a été soumise à aucun contrôle artistique.
Prédictions de durées de vie semi-identiques : Nana hétérozygote pour la mutation CCR5-∆32, Lulu mosaïque pour la mutation CCR5-∆32
Une mauvaise nouvelle vient d’être annoncée par Nature Magazine : la mutation CCR5-∆32 à partir de laquelle on vous a fait des mutants homozygotes va raccourcir votre durée de vie moyenne. Selon Emma Yasinski de The Scientist :
« En analysant les séquences génétiques et les statistiques vitales de centaines de milliers de personnes, l’équipe a découvert que les personnes possédant deux copies de la mutation avaient 21% plus de chances de mourir avant l’âge de 76 ans que les personnes possédant une seule copie ou aucune copie. »
Oups, JK vient de vous raccourcir la vie mortelle générale d’un cinquième. Il ne s’agit que d’une statistique, mais votre immunité contre d’autres maladies, notamment la grippe ordinaire et la fièvre du Nil occidental, peut vous rendre plus invalide (y compris par des taux de mortalité élevés) que la plupart des gens, alors faites attention.
Sur une note plus gaie, une seule d’entre vous possède les deux gènes.
Ainsi, Nana est toujours susceptible d’être infectée par le virus VIH. Bien que He ait démontré que Lulu était homozygote pour le gène CCR5-Δ32 perturbé, cette enfant pourrait aussi être mosaïque, ce qui implique que Lulu porterait des cellules éditées et des cellules non éditées.
Donc, Nana, tu n’es pas améliorée, mais tu as une espérance de vie plus longue. Désolé pour le manque de super mémoire et de compétences analytiques, désolé pour ta non résistance au SIDA. On te souhaite une longue vie prospère. Tu es le contrôle, le type naturel. Ta vie est en fait moins menacée par le virus du Nil occidental ou à la grippe que celle de Lulu.
Et Lulu, quelques difficultés supplémentaires. En plus des fonctions supplémentaires, tu es potentiellement plus sensible à la polyarthrite rhumatoïde, à l’ostéoporose et aux accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Surveille tes RHOA : niveaux de la protéine transformante RhoA ; MAPK : niveaux de la protéine kinase activée par des agents mitogènes ; GM-CSF : niveaux du facteur de stimulation des colonies de granulocytes-macrophages ; BMP-2 : niveaux de la protéine morphogénétique osseuse deux ; BMP-4 : niveaux de la protéine morphogénétique osseuse quatre ; BMSCs : cellules stromales de la moelle osseuse. Fais attention au tissu conjonctif lâche, aux articulations molles et prends tes pilules de PTK2B : protéine-tyrosine kinase 2-beta. Désolé si je te couve un peu trop.
Il y a une autre information te concernant qui vient de tomber, Lulu. Tu es mosaïque dans tes décalages sculpturaux, métaboliques et cognitifs. Cela signifie que certaines de tes cellules peuvent être modifiées, et certaines d’entre elles pourraient se qualifier de traditionnellement humaines. Le motif hybride tangible de ton schéma corporel peut être d’une grande variété. Ton mélange de génome transgénique et de génome humain antique d’origine peut être exprimé de gauche à droite, de haut en bas, ou même en diagonale à travers le corps. Il y a également la possibilité que tu sois génétiquement modifiée selon un motif bigarré de types cellulaires aléatoires. Il est même possible qu’un seul de vos petits doigts d’insertion génétique soit lisible dans ta forme corporelle. Jette un coup d’œil sur la biologie du gynandromorphisme, et tu verras qu’elle est parfois carrément palomino. Tu serais une chimère, un mélange de deux identités génétiques, une pluralité multimodale, un remix, voire une réussite d’Op Art comportemental et métabolique à motifs moirés !
La direction de l’action génétique multifactorielle est réverbérante. Il est donc encore difficile de savoir quels actes scientifiques vous effectuez au niveau moléculaire. Ma suggestion artistique est de vous approprier les complexités de l’expérience réelle de vos différences en tant qu’interventions génétiques. Encore une fois, il n’existe pas de normal, et être de type naturel n’est pas mieux en terme de gestion des différences. Le brassage aléatoire par l’attraction sexuelle ne suffit pas à faire le ménage. Honnêtement, nous n’avons même pas encore compris le métabolisme complet de la bactérie Escherichia coli, et le rôle de l’expression génétique dans la formation de la vie est, somme toute, compliqué.
L’expérimentation continue…
J’ai vu que vos parents ont signé un document de consentement en connaissance de cause pour vous permettre d’être des cobayes dans la plus importante étude sur les jumeaux depuis celle de Josef Mengele. Cet accord ne devrait durer que jusqu’à ce que vous soyez adultes et que vous puissiez négocier vos propres conditions. Je vous conseille de faire appel à un avocat ! S’il y a des complications physiques ou émotionnelles ou si votre équipe de relations publiques a besoin de potins pendant une période creuse, vous pouvez toujours intenter un procès pour vie arbitraire. Parlez-en à l’équipe juridique qui représente les survivants de la famille d’Henrietta Lacks (mère des cellules HeLa) ou à l’un des avocats qui ont intenté des procès civils contre la succession de Jeffrey Epstein. Après tout, He Jiankui est le Jeffrey Epstein de la biotechnologie.
Dans votre cas, 露露 et 娜娜, le choix de Shenzhen comme lieu de démarrage pour les partisans de l’édition génétique humaine était en fait un cas de néocolonialisme biotechnologique. En plaçant certains protocoles des prouesses techniques dans les universités et hôpitaux américains et britanniques, la naissance a été réquisitionnée, voire envoyée sur le terrain de la Silicon Valley chinoise, le Far West oriental, le centre de l’innovation chinoise et des ports à conteneurs pour la distribution. Le manque de subtilité dans le choix de la Chine pour vous donner la vie n’était nullement accidentelle. La racisme et l’histoire traditionnelle de l’eugénisme ont déterminé qui et où ce type de révélation publique d’une expérience maintes fois répétée serait démarré. Ayant assisté au premier sommet international de la Human Gene Editing Initiative, mon intuition artistique a décelé un projet global entre des fondations scientifiques collaboratives. Les laboratoires ont divisé le processus en plusieurs parties afin de se conformer aux failles juridiques multinationales. Il était impératif de rester dans la légalité et ils ont décidé de laisser la Chine faire le sale boulot de porter le projet à terme. Des groupes de travail de la Human Gene Editing Initiative ont permis à la Chine de gagner le prix de la pionnière, et ils étaient content de vous voir, Lulu et Nana, amenées à la réalisation en tant qu’étude jumelle controversée dans un contexte en dehors des États-Unis ou de l’Union européenne, par simple souci de bienséance protestante.
Cependant, veuillez excuser tous les prélèvements, tâtonnements, scans et échantillons. La culture médicale a une tendance scopique, et les hôpitaux ne sont en quelque sorte que des expériences de labo avec la télé et des repas sans goût. Comme votre sang et tissus sont historiques, vous risquez de voir beaucoup de médecins. Plus tard, les scientifiques, les gouvernements et les renégats vont finir par vouloir vos ovules. Il est plus que probable que quelqu’un ait déjà prélevé des échantillons de vos ovaires et séquencé vos charges d’ovules. Il s’agit plus de vos petits-enfants que de vous seules. Que puis-je dire d’optimiste ? La preuve est là, mais la vie est résiliente et continue. Elle est plus grande que la science et une cavalcade étrange, et les mutations ont lieu en permanence. Le délétère et l’amélioré sont mélangés, et nous faisons tous avec ce que nous avons. Alors, Lulu et Nana, profitez de la vie. Vous n’êtes pas seulement des outils pour une expérience de laboratoire mondiale. Il y a beaucoup de choses à apprécier, et vous devriez trouver vos propres moyens.
L’iconoclasme comme biosécurité et BioPorno
露露 et 娜娜, sachez que longtemps avant votre naissance très secrète puis très publique, des expériences d’édition génétique germinale du génome humain ont eu lieu en cachette depuis un bon moment, y compris les accouchements, en particulier dans les hôpitaux privés, les fermes et les laboratoires. Aux Etats-Unis, personne n’a reçu de financement public pour ces projets (à l’exception du Pentagone), mais les collectionneurs privés peuvent fabriquer toutes les races humaines qu’ils conçoivent en tant que FIV+ d’entreprise. En outre, des essais sur les humains réalisés dans le monde entier ont permis de développer des lignées humaines présentant des propriétés à la fois humaines et non humaines. Ce sont des ouï-dire invérifiables et très probablement corrects. Donc, il y a potentiellement des tonnes de Lulus et de Nanas qui grandissent actuellement en tant qu’êtres transgéniques NextGEN™ CRISPr.
Ils sont queer comme nous tous, en train de se multiplier comme des clockwork oranges, et ils sont vos seestras. La membrane nucléaire de l’ovule est aujourd’hui le point de départ d’une course à l’espace de futurs transgéniques concurrents. La rectification des erreurs héritées est une porte d’entrée vers le baroque des possibilités des Orgies de modifications génétiques héréditaires (OMGh). D’une certaine manière, vous êtes toutes les deux nées comme un coup de pub pour perpétuer la pratique de la manipulation génétique des gonades. Votre existence même a pour but d’aider et d’encourager la défragmentation et l’optimisation supposées du génome de l’espèce par une intervention musclée. Vos vies, en tant qu’êtres expérimentaux, sont une drogue d’initiation, qui s’insère dans le courant dominant en tant qu’enfants-vedettes du mouvement de l’édition génétique humaine. Mais du point de vue du processus rituel, vous êtes au monde les transgènes emblématiques de l’initiation à la lignée germinale.
Nana et Lulu, j’espère vraiment que les constructions CRISPR ne vous feront pas mourir prématurément d’un cancer, d’une rupture chromosomique ou de complications liées à la mutation CCR5-∆32 et que vous vivrez assez longtemps pour atteindre une phase de maturité suffisante pour pouvoir lire une version de cette lettre. Vous êtes des formes de vie uniques qui devraient être vues pour qui vous êtes et non pas pour votre différence publique. Je respecte votre anonymat, mais il ne risque pas de durer. À un âge où vous pouvez être exposé à des sujets d’adultes, j’espère que vous recevrez bien les commentaires suivants sur l’attraction charismatique de votre altérité en tant que résultats d’expériences artistiques et scientifiques.
Je crains que votre infamie biopop ne vous place entre l’adoration étouffante et des menaces de mort xénophobes. Il est bien connu que les pulsions mènent à d’autres impulsions dans l’éclosion vitale de la vie, et Eros a un faible pour l’hypnotisme de l’obsession. Donc, si vous êtes le produit d’une obsession, il vous incombe de comprendre les économies du désir et le rôle de l’excès comme un investissement dans des mises au point fièrement aberrantes. Une appréciation de la gravité spécifique de la séduction potentielle de votre sélectivité sexuelle est importante pour votre développement, car vous avez été créées en tant qu’objets de curiosité héritable. Autrement dit, vous étiez nées pour être reproduites en tant que sujets de recherche par le pire du scientisme, mais peut-être que vous déjouerez les attentes et que vous permettrez à votre anomalie de vous donner une puissance libidinale. Rien ne pourrait plus vous rabaisser ou vous réduire à l’état d’objet que d’être vendues aux cliniques partenaires comme faisant partie d’un programme de reproduction rationnel basé sur le seul héritage.
Simplement dit, même si l’édition du génome humain et la notion de l’amélioration humaine reviennent à de l’eugénisme multi-générationnel, elles reposent sur un fétiche du contrôle. Bien que cette pratique soit dangereuse, insensée et au-delà de tout potentiel pré-personnel de consentement, il s’agit bien d’une forme de baise repro-gonadique. In utero, la personnalisation est une sorte d’asservissement du génome et vous êtes en plein dedans. Quelqu’un d’autre a profité d’un peu de stimulation génétique préliminaire dans votre cascade héréditaire. Vous êtes du bio art, une vision sadomasochiste de la nature en shibari. C’est du vampirisme de l’amour de la nature pour la mutation, une façon de narguer la nature en travesti dans une monstrueuse parade. Ces biologistes vous ont mises dans des combinaisons zentai de cosplay multi-générationnel permanent pour se moquer des écologies actuelles. Les monomanies obsédantes et compulsives dont vous êtes les sujets sont sadiques, mais vous êtes aussi des transgressions différemment capables, d’une perversité innée. Seul un artiste oserait le dire à haute voix, mais il s’agit d’une forme de charisme hypnotique qui peut vous être favorable.
Vers les droits post-humains
Lulu et Nana, j’ai l’honneur de vous apporter mon soutien en tant qu’êtres libres et migrateurs internationaux. Ceux qui ne seraient pas encore convaincus que l’esthétique prime sur les enjeux sociaux peuvent néanmoins conclure que même l’anti-esthétique comme critère pour l’édition génétique humaine, si elle est correctement mise en œuvre, devrait permettre une liberté d’action vers un climat de citoyenneté mondiale sans harcèlement pour nos populations à différences.
La Human Gene Editing Initiative est tout simplement un quorum de voix et d’actions mondiales collaboratives et coordonnées qui se charge de préparer le public à accepter implicitement le processus de votre fabrication. Il n’est pas surprenant que la bioéthique mondiale soit prise en défaut et qu’elle amène les témoins, telle une prédatrice, vers l’acceptation sociale, afin de maintenir le vernis d’une technologie génomique germinale humaine pro-OGM responsable, éthique et rationnelle. Au-delà de la question de savoir quelle branche du gouvernement devrait être chargée du contrôle réglementaire, demandez aux Lulus et aux Nanas : l’industrie de la santé militaire et de la consommation, avec son utilisation de la surveillance automatique en guise de publicité, va-t-elle nous faire franchir les lignes de fuite de la version 1.0 de la forme humaine commune et nous faire entrer dans les champs de potentiel posthumains biodiversifiés que seule l’idéation ouverte et libre peut fournir ? Je sais que votre existence dépendait de ce ruse, mais je me demande si une véritable diversité (d’artisanat, d’itinérance et d’idéation) sera respectée dans les formes à venir ?
Il existe de nombreux effets potentiels de l’esthétique CCR2 avec laquelle vous avez été choisies pour naître. Le choix était une esthétique de santé résistante au VIH comme subterfuge d’une esthétique naïve basée sur la théorie de l’art conceptuel à tendance cerveau augmenté. La science est à l’avant-garde non seulement dans les arts créatifs, mais aussi dans le domaine de la satire et de l’ironie. Les spectres et les hantologies des humains remixés sont exactement ce que l’on attend des humains. Nous sommes l’espèce la plus névrosée, la plus titubante et la plus sournoise de la planète. Nous sommes la famille la plus crédule. C’est cette lecture naïve des effets génétiques du CCR2 qui résume le mieux les problèmes d’identifier la cognition par le biais de préjugés cognitifs dans les présupposés d’amélioration. Peut-être que vous, 露露 et 娜娜, avec vos knock-ins génétiques de CCR5-Δ32 pour la résistance au SIDA européen central ashkénaze, la mémoire et l’apprentissage, aurez à faire face à la plasticité corticale accrue et à l’ampleur des émotions dépendant de l’hippocampe comme à une simple névrose analogique trippante améliorée, mais c’est ce qu’il faut pour être un bon scénariste ou un bon comédien du Borscht Belt en gene-art. Bienvenue dans le dôme du slapstick.
Alors que nous construisons un canal rempli d’amour dans les ports sécurisés de nos ports USB génomiques, continuons à nous interroger et à être inclusifs quant aux styles que nous devrions stocker dans nos génothèques de knock-ins LentiViral génothérapiques pour accompagner l’accouchement de notre zoo d’humains mutants ciblés par l’insertion de CRISPR-cas9. Les infections transgéniques dans l’ovule, le sperme, le zygote ou les CSEh devraient toujours prévoir des dérivés culturels prémonitoires. C’est la nature de la prophétie libre et la raison pour laquelle les arts sont des généralités étrangères.
C’est pour ces raisons que je vous invite toutes les deux, Lulu et Nana, à envisager de devenir des voix de premier plan dans la BEAK et de pratiquer la sculpture esthétique de la nouvelle vie humaine en utilisant les médias de la biotechnologie pour des constructions humaines futures transgéniques. Vous êtes déjà là, vous êtes exposées au public et vous êtes des humains.
Considérez le bio art comme un moyen de rendre les cadeaux qu’on vous a donnés !
Dr. Adam Zaretsky
Principal, Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission (BEAK)
Extrait de ‘Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart: An open letter to Lulu and Nana’, Routledge Handbook of Art, Science, and Technology Studies, sous la direction de Hannah Star Rogers, Megan K Halpern, Dehlia Hannah et Kathryn de Ridder-Vignone, 2021.

Human germline gene editing is bioart: an open letter to Lulu and Nana
Excerpt Published Online 1 September 2021 by Adam Zaretsky
In English here:
https://www.makery.info/2021/09/01/english-human-germline-gene-editing-is-bioart-an-open-letter-to-lulu-and-nana/
Human germline gene editing is bioart: an open letter to Lulu and Nana
‘Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart: An open letter to Lulu and Nana’, Routledge Handbook of Art, Science, and Technology Studies, Edited By Hannah Star Rogers, Megan K Halpern, Dehlia Hannah and Kathryn de Ridder-Vignone, 2021.
Note from the Editors of Routledge Handbook of Art, Science, and Technology Studies:
What does an intervention by an artist in questions of scientific governance look like? In this provoca- tive letter to the twins born in October 2018, who were considered the first germline edited humans, Zaretsky raises questions about the consequences of genetically modified people. The artist questions about who has standing and the right to participate or opt-out of genetic modification using humor and irony. By addressing his letter to Nana and Lulu, the pseudonym of the babies used in their birth announcement by genetics researcher He Jiankui, Zaretsky attempts to offer the twins agency as decision-makers. In contrast to large institutional structures surrounding their births and the international science policy discussions that followed, Zaretsky’s letter places the children in a position of power as they navigate individual experimental knowledge of genetic editing and their futures.
Excerpt from ‘Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart: An open letter to Lulu and Nana’
Published Online 1 September 2021 by Adam Zaretsky
In english here:
Note from the Editors of Makery:
“Adam Zaretsky is an American Wet-Lab Art Practitioner mixing Ecology, Biotechnology, Non-human Relations, Body Performance and Gastronomy. In his last contribution of his summer series of speculative texts, he proposes a letter to Lulu and Nana, the controversial “CRISPR babies” born in November 2018. The fœtuses genomes were edited to prevent HIV by Chinese scientist He Jiankui, an act for which he was found guilty of forging documents and unethical conduct in 2019 and sentenced to three years in prison with a three-million-yuan fine (400,000€).”
“Dr. He Jiankui led a research project to use CRISPR technology to add human enhancement gene CCR5-Δ32 into the genome of the zygotes of 露露 and 娜娜 (Lulu and Nana). This letter is meant to help the twins understand their cultural importance and explore lines of quandary they may not be privy to otherwise. This letter is to Lulu and Nana from the Bioarts Ethical Advisory Komission (BEAK). It pertains to the cultural aesthetics of germline human gene editing. Exploring the role of aesthetic breadth in manufacturing of transgenic humans, this letter utilizes art history and cultural criticism to review the Legal, Ethical, Societal and Libidinal implications (LESLi) of human genetic engineering as bioart. It calls for restrictions against the knocking-in of human gene edits that have been convincingly demonstrated to cause, or to strongly predispose, kindred to the diseases of cultural banality, naïve human enhancement style, or adverse normalization. Beyond offering an artistic regulatory framework for human mutant creativity in vivo, this letter offers clarification, redefinition and contestational advice directly to Lulu and Nana.”
Human germline gene editing is bioart: an open letter to Lulu and Nana
Originally Published: Routledge Handbook of Art, Science, and Technology Studies, Edited By Hannah Star Rogers, Megan K Halpern, Dehlia Hannah and Kathryn de Ridder-Vignone, 2021.
https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Art-Science-and-Technology-Studies/Rogers-Halpern-Hannah-Ridder-Vignone/p/book/9781138347304
Human germline gene editing is bioart
An open letter to Lulu and Nana
Adam Zaretsky, Ph.D., BioArtist, Principal at Bioarts Ethical Advisory Komission (BEAK) Invited Guest, International Summit, The Human Gene Editing Initiative, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C., 2012, in conversation with moderator Hank Greely:
“We are actually talking about programming our own future genome and the concept of the human is less queer than the technology. This is where the artists sometimes come in. I’m looking at health or health betterment, which is optimization. Enhancement falls under optimization of the human genome. But that would be us making ourselves into a monoculture based on traditional humans. It’s really strange but we would be heirloom GMO humans or organic GMO humans. Without looking at alternative aesthetics, we are falling into the problem of disability studies for transgenic humans. Psychosocial problems of transgenic humans might be because anything but traditional human form is perceived as monstrous. And yet, we are actually altering form to a great degree and it is under the aegis of health itself. And that is not enough.”
Hank Greely, Law and Bioscience, Stanford University:
“Responses? Thoughts”’ After a brief pregnant silence, Hank himself responds:
“I do think that civilization, or whatever you call what humans have been doing for the last 10,000 years has made huge changes in who we are, what we look like and what our allele frequencies are. So there is some continuity at least, in our discontinuity.?1
Open Letter to 露露 and 娜娜 (Lulu and Nana):
Gene Editing of Human Embryos and the Biological Arts
Dear Lulu and Nana, and the parents of 露露 and 娜娜, DearLuluAndNana@gmail.com
Wow, 露露 and 娜娜, welcome to our world. You were born under the aegis of health itself, but you were also born in the river of queer that flows through all time. At the advent of the Second International Summit on Human Gene Editing, news of your birth was intentionally leaked to the press. You and your parents were given pseudonyms/anonymity. There is controversy surrounding your existence. You are the first officially designed, engineered, or creatively transformed transgenic people on earth. By no choice of your own, you have been born as an example of reprogenetic biopower. You are already a technological fascination and you might as well enjoy it.
I am writing you to let you know that despite the many attempts to define your futures, there are many ways for you to interpret your lives as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Your animal familiars have punk/generic kitsch stage names like yours: OncoMouse, Brainbow Mouse, GloFish, AquaBounty Salmon, Herman the Bull and Schwarzenegger Sheep.2 One possibility for interpreting your GMO identities is to consider yourselves art! The role of the arts is underrated in the supposed reasoning behind the global push toward normalizing human gene editing. But your genes have not been merely designed, tailored or engineered. You are the sculptural results of maudlin minimalism built from a conceptual arts practice into a biomedium as altered life itself. Since you are currently ripening for real television, you might consider how to not become merely child stars destroyed by fame. Your very existence and any of your future inborn germline relations are actually time-based, new media. Lulu and Nana, I have some bad news and I have some good news. The bad news is, you are just the art, you are not the artists. If you are used as milk carton kids, both for and against Human Germline Genetic Modification (HGGM), this is because you were born of the parentscientists and, through the deliberate use of the yellow light of bioethics, the parent-voices of the Human Gene Editing Initiative as well. The yellow light of bioethics refers to the stalling of and threatening moratorium as a way of both representing cautions for the cautious while sending a signal to speed up and make those GMO babies before the light turns red. Implicit in yellow-light ethics is that the light can turn red at any moment but hardly ever does. This is a threat/hint to scientists who work in controversial areas: edit a bit for the public, as the yellow light only turns red when public relations go sour. While the yellow light is a warning light, it also implies to researchers that the window of going forward may close if they don’t rush through the yellow light as fast as possible.
In the world of university and corporate research, ethicists on funded ESLI committees are shills for hire or Rent-a-Priests if not entirely private and in-house affairs. Replacing religion with secular (legal) judgments on appropriate utilization of new technical potentials for tweaking life, the job of the applied bioethicist is to allow a voice to all concerns, weigh the benefits (often the retirement benefits) and nearly always advise moving forward with caution as fast as possible. This is the economy of responsible legal oversight in a culture of innovation, futurism, competition and dynamistic speed: the usury of the concept of caution. And this is the impetus, spurred the wild technophiliac futurists and their investment groups in the lab bench to bedside pipeline.
Your actual father’s sperm, mother’s eggs, and womb were predominantly tools or hosts for a special research project of techno-parenting. Your parents actually include Dr. He Jiankui, his collaborators and confidantes including but not limited to: Lin Zhitong, Shenzhen HarMoniCare Women and Children’s Hospital Ethics review board, Stephen Quake, Bill Efcavitch, Yu Jun, Michael W. Deem, Shenzhen’s Peacock Plan, Xie Bingwen, John Zhang, SUSTech, Pei Duanqing, Baihualin, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Rice University, Stanford University, Matthew Porteus, Qin Jinzhou, South University of Science and Technology of China, International Investors, multiple National Governments, as well as David Baltimore and the Human Gene Editing Initiative/Summit body in its entirety.3 These are the people and institutions that as a whole allowed for your existence and afterwards most feigned repulsion so they might be considered the overly permissive yet kvetching ethic-yentas of this whole kerfuffle. They are your hive of autochthonic, reprogenetic breeders. On a brighter note, you are your own agitprop, tactical media.
You are ready-mades with open reading frames. You are open to future interpretations, some of which are yours to decide. In a general welcoming disclaimer, you are not alone in being born without being asked. All of us have wondered at times what the reasoning behind our parents’ choices to conceiving us was. No one consents to be born and, often, we were the result of the blindness caused by love, lust, greed, inebriation, arranged marriages, dating apps or other banal utilitarian practicalities. The genetic shuffle caused by conception is based on chance, random permutation, jazz. Even in the arts, this does not always connote excellence, novelty, iconoclasm or even baseline banality. Your signature genetic event occurred in a prepersonal moment during the shuffle of zygotic chromosomal interpretation. And you were born into a global society with influential ethical and practical control issues that are very hard to unclench or get beyond.
This letter is to help you understand the role of the arts in your embodied alterity and how the arts might help interpret the world for you both. Just as the human body is not merely a décor, the arts do not merely dress up debate. You may be experimental human subjects to some, but in art, as art, you carry the strong ability to make your markedness into your own kind of remarkable. I hope the following alternative assessment helps you both eventually find some modicum of identity interpretation, both public and private, which will offer you more fulfillment than being merely a publicity stunt for scientism.
Bioart-based genetically modified human build projection
Lulu and Nana, you should not be overly worried about germline human gene editing. You were simply born with ‘added value’ from new reproductive techniques. The off-target mutations and downstream metabolic abnormalities that can be expected might be novel knowledge for future clinical trials or just novel. Retrospectively, our misplaced worries stemmed from the fact that a large percentage of human genetic breeder assistance providers may not have had the art historical schooling that most creatives of future genetic aesthetics will have had. Right now, the only type of ‘taste’ we can see publically embedded in IGM in your human germlines is CCR5-Δ32.4 As interventionist babies, I fear your inborn aesthetics are based on ramping up health production. Yes, the plan is to spend millions of proprietary research dollars on making copies of human sires/sows whose profitability is based on medical tropes of health as beauty alone. Yes, we are missing much of what contemporary art can lend to the contemporary breeding of posthuman novelty. What are the cultural aesthetics of our ecological future?
露露 and 娜娜, you were bred by industry. Decisions were made for you. You are babies, designed along a weak plurality of aesthetic lineages. The broadening of the diverse human palette is important globally. As new transgenic lines, your altered metabolisms may have an impact on the future of ecology and diversity of our planet. As competitively designed meat puppets take up more and more of the terrestrial grazing land, we have come to understand that we live on a planet dominated by humans and their quest for autochthonic control. Designed and cloned transgenic humans like you are limited editions, but I hope that you can reproduce and stabilize independently. As Transgen[ic] people, you may be proud, differently-abled persons. By some, you may be treated as an alien/foreign species (or at least of a nonnative, postnatural, bioengineered genus), brought forth from technological sites and going free-range into our international interiors. But, are you and your mutant sibling capable of initiating enough gene expression pattern dissonance for us to want to live with y’all for generations to come? Sometimes, real-time congenital health cures are not enough. There is an economy of aesthetics, which will drive the ecological effect of our engineered future.
How do we decide who is worth engineering for which conceptual dalliances?
Transgenic human genetic modification babies can be designed along with a wide variety of aesthetic gene expression action plans. Considering the true range of germline expressionism possible in a collage of multiple genomic palettes, and considering the span that time-based, new-media sculptures like you might carry on for, we should critically question the use of health, enhancement, economic efficiency or even popular (domestic) culture to drive acceptable GMO baby design. Culture, health, enhancement and profitability are neither simple concepts nor should they be our only deciding forces for future embodied design. What lies beyond public acceptance of the technology? Have your lives been offered up to ameliorate the leveling influences of public trends, medical biases and the marketing of anti-diversity? Are you the novelty transgenic human production schemas in this regulatory framework? Are you the human beta tests, barely modified yet proof of concept for even more radical tailoring, as if you were genetic placeholders for a burgeoning cloud? How can niche power be brokered in this global competition for more unusual kindred? Lulu and Nana, what sort of engineered babies do you want to produce, and would you like to produce them as artists or scientists?
What can an understanding of the arts bring to human design?
Thanks to the social acceptance that your embodied process helps to foster, the history of art may finally come to some use for humanity! The pipeline runs free expression through fertility brokers into clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) shacks hanging up their shingles and into all sorts of novel replicant applications for public purview. Implicitly, there is an aesthetic hazard of breeding without a proper understanding of global creative culture. I hope that a working knowledge of our shared species-based artistic heritage will be taken into account when your brothers and sisters of the transgenic fold are sculpted in the future. The arts represent a great asset for IGM design and a great way to insure that the future isn’t born looking dull, retrograde, healthy-ish and a bit too sketchy.
Without a firm grasp of art history, you, 露露 and 娜娜, as spokes-children for the cloned and genome-tweaked denizens of this earth, may never rise above representing our national and international goals as G20 food producers, drug pushers and global consumer designers. The admixture of biologically exuberant interspecies variety through genetic engineering and the cloning of spectacular hereditary cascades should only be approved through an aesthetic advisory commission made up of artists, art historians, off-the-locus aesthetics specialists and subaltern bioethical tangentialists. The future of style and the avoidance of populous birthings of any aesthetic hazards are dependent on collaboration between new reproductive biotechnology and the arts. It is for this reason that BEAK was established.
Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission
BEAK was established to provide artistic oversight and ethical assessment for bioart applications. Covering such things as biosafety, recombinant safety, animal and other nonhuman or semihuman care and use as well as housing and enrichment for bioart projects, BEAK reviews legal, ethical, societal and libidinal implications (LESLI) of bioartistic production. This includes research and development as well as issues in installation, exhibition and humane sacrifice. Assessments are made on a product, process and project basis through artistic risk versus artistic benefit analysis. The following two sections are BEAK Arts and Ethics white papers for public discussion.
BEAK LESLI transgenic human arts review
Scientism’s busiest artists are off FACS5 sorting germline-altered human reproductive human embryonic stem cell (hESC) tissue into clean and well-fed culture flasks. The experimental designs of your birthright included a performance of species widening art criticism. Whether it is in the germline, whole organisms, somatic bodies or tissue-cultured cell therapeutics (CT), human gene editing is an ART6 of forming an unlimited edition (multiple multigenerational originals as opposed to one of a kind genus/species) of a novel altered human trajectory. Were these protocols used to refabricate your heredity practiced as an esoteric, abject and nonutilitarian breeding project? Perhaps, albeit unintentionally, as Science is a subset of conceptual minimalist arts practice. But, there are many other art movements, i.e. ancient art, modernist art, contemporary and postcontemporary art. It is the range of emotive contortionism that the arts provide that gives artists and arts reviewers a special human gene editing advisory role to play in this debate on the future of GMO humanity. Some examples for the future of art history and anatomy:
• Rococo Biolistic Transgenic Arts
• Synchromism Electroporation Germline Arts
• DNA Op Art Stemcell Microinjection Arts
• Constructed Painting Lipofection Genetic Art
• Practitioners of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Domestic Genetic Art7
• Kitsch Art-Brut Garage Outsider Punk Artificial Womb hESC Arts
• The Inherited ‘Case Against Art’ Living Antiart Engineered Arts
For the scientific and technological community that needs an art and biotech primer, here is a short lexicon:
1 Rococo is a form of art that started in the late baroque of the 1700s emphasizing a madness for detailed elaboration and ornate, asymmetrical flourishes leading to conspicuous consumption of the senses. The florid details stand as monuments in direct opposition to the pared-down Minimalism of the Protestant Reformation. In the case of applied sculptural benefits to the future of engineered babies, this would be a good bet for a movement dedicated to battling the obsessive-compulsive urge to defragment and minimalize the future of human form in the name of elegant purity and plainness that seems to be a goal of many a transhumanist idealist.
2 Biolistic technology utilizes viral vector transgene infection construct soaked nanoparticles as projectiles. Nanoparticles can be shot using the pressure of an air pistol. This ‘gene gun’ mechanism is used to literally blast novel genetic traits into living nuclei and hence aid the proximity toward a proliferation of sci-desire into the genome of choice.8
3 Synchronism is an art movement that pandered to synesthesia, attempting to make paintings with color arrangements the viewer can feel as audible orchestrations. Abstract and gaudy, this might correspond to future humans with squid color communication abilities or just gaudy, abstract, orchestrated posthumans of a forgettable nature.
4 Electroporation is a method of gene transfer that uses high-voltage pulses to get heritable plasmids inside the nuclear membrane and in touch with the genome to be impregnated with the genetic alteration payload.9
5 Op art is a genre of art that specializes in an optical illusion. Popular during the postwave of 1960s psychedelic art. Op art claims nonobjectivity and entertains through cognitive-perceptual limits and headache-producing moiré patterns. This could certainly be applied to making people that appear the opposite of camouflaged, twentyfour-hour party people and parents in need of an Austin Powers styled kin for talking points or easy recognition in a crowd.
6 Microinjection is a process of transgene injection introducing products into the nucleus of individual cells or recent zygotes, one at a time, to induce genetic difference engines into the genome of that cell.10
7 Constructed Painting is a process of dimension in painting often through cutting up a painting and raising and lowering portions as well as making a painting nonrectangular or of amorphous shape. In the case of transgenic art, it would pertain to adding extra dimensionality to a person’s anatomical development through genetic cuts and nonintuitive, hox/pax segmentation repatterning.
8 Lipofection is a fat-soluble transport mechanism designed for transfecting cellular genomes with transgenic constructs. Immersion or topical applications can have a noninvasive entrance to the proximal genomic payload through what appears to be a slightly irritating massage oil11 or nanopowder injectable or inhalable vaccine.
9 Domestic art is a term coined by Crosley Bendix: Cultural Reviewer and Director of Stylistic Premonitions, World Media Net Web, 2016. Domestic art is a form of suburbanite art-brut challenging the creative use of household products like marshmallow fluff, sofas and the tearing of wallpaper as well as juice sponge blotting of said torn wallpaper in the process of art production. This could crossover with some of the DIY-Bio protocols using household products to achieve a demystified protocol for biotechnological feats.
10 Art-Brut is autodidactic art, art of the insane, the untrained and the illiterate (preferably all three.) Art-Brut in the human germline is akin to the sort of ‘bull in a china shop’ current passages of genes into the human gonads, germlines and genealogies. Though technically less than perfect, the general appreciation for transgenic humanity nets a mere untrained eye plodding along to form a charismatically unprofessional, rugged and paranoid embodiment.
11 Kitsch Art is an art that strives for the lowest common denominator at any cost, a sort of mix between Hello Kitty and Fascism that is popular culture in all its well-researched commodity forms. Most pop designer babies will generally fall into this genre of aesthetics by the time they get to mass markets. This is one of the major reasons that artistic breadth is so important in the target group diversification of offered baby style in the future. To reconcile human kitschification, art diversification needs to be a part of the equation. In critical contrast Pop Art has second or even third-level irony to keep it from being totally kitschinated, absorbed by the kitschinatrix.
12 Each of the hESCs can be formed into implantable embryoid bodies. A single flask or frozen aliquot represents millions of potential clones or transgenic clones for mass marketing. Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional aggregates of pluripotent stem cells. The pluripotent cell types that comprise embryoid bodies include embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the blastocyst stage of embryos from mouse (mESC), primate, and human (hESC) sources.
13 Antiart goes back to Dadaism, and it is the art that destroys the deification of art and in some ways destroys itself. This seems to be the probable net result of our meddling in the human germline and in this sense germline human genome editing has a friend in Dadaism.
BEAK LESLI aesthetic oversite: artistic regulatory restrictions and structures
BEAK Organizing Committee for the Clinical Artistic Uses of Human Genome Germline Editing has reached the following conclusions. Trials using heritable germline editing should be permitted only after aesthetic review in an artistic regulatory framework that includes the following criteria, restrictions and structures:
• the restriction against the knocking-in of gene edits that have been convincingly demonstrated to cause or to strongly predispose kindred to the disease of cultural banality, the condition of esoteric-lessness showing evidence of adverse normalizing;
• comprehensive plans for long-term, multigenerational follow-up, mating schemas, entertainment contracting and pornographic options, all the while still respecting personal autonomy;
• restrictions in place preventing naïve enhancement optimism aesthetics in the human genome as pragmatic and utilitarian arguments are not enough to insure contemporary artistic standards (unless the level of hyperrealism meets peer practitioner standards);
• maximum arty opacity while still being consistent with the legal invasion of patient privacy;
• emotional alternatives informing editing structures and goals have been formed in the aesthetic absence of reason;
• restrictions to allowing a serious kitsch disease or poor aesthetic conditioning respected (unless the level of irony meets contemporary or postcontemporary standards);
• ongoing, rigorous oversight during clinical trials of the aesthetics of the procedure and the exhibition and documentation of the research participants;
• continued reassessment of je ne sais quoi in terms of both artistic and aesthetic benefits and risks, with broad ongoing participation and input by the artists, art historians and art critics on gene constructs of mutagenic choice;
• reliable subaltern insight oversight mechanisms to prevent extension of technology to uses other than creating serious art or novel and iconoclastic conditions; and
• availability of incredible or even unbelievable preclinical and/or clinical data on risks and potential contemporary time-based, new media bioart benefits due to successful indoctrination, infiltration and transgene infection of multigenerational procedures.
Even those who will support this recommendation are unlikely to arrive at it by the same guarantee of lack of reasoning that the arts are honed to provide. For those who find the esoteric sufficiently compelling, the above criteria represent a commitment to promoting queer beings and alternative beings within a framework of informed consent and freedom of expression.
Beyond health and beauty lies a glut of diverse industrial beings, born with positive anomalous security for the sake of the widest range of diverse and divergent feelings that action/ reaction/abreaction can attain. Consider what a gifted retro-garde cubist could bring to the table. Lulu and Nana, are your mosacisms a form of Humanity Plus (H+) cubism beyond any chance of prepersonal agency?
Human Gene Editing Initiative: oversight or mission creep?
The Human Gene Editing Initiative pits raw research against consumer rights and always references industrial interests. Propaganda in the media has been thoroughly against any real talk of a human gene editing moratorium. For these reasons, it was only after your announced births that the popularization of stigma toward the voice of prevention temporarily waned.12 Before your actual dreamy birthrights, most of the talking points focused on the improved health of the unborn (also read as curing infertility). Your parents and you, as their germlinealtered kin, are now both registered as key to both opening and closing the regulatory approval pipeline meant to revamp our genetic commons. According to Dr. Marcie Donovsky, Executive Director of the Center for Genetics in Society (CGS),13 You, Lulu and Nana are radical experiments! Dr. Donovsky announces that you are part of a sort of remastered race for niche markets, a sort of techno founder effect, test subjects for future presales.
Speaking to the Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Dr. Donovsky states:
“The elephant in the room of course is inheritable genetic modification…possibly putting in motion a regime of high tech consumer eugenics…. Think about mission creep…. These manipulations are not meant to treat people who are sick and suffering, … what we’re talking about is radical experiments on future children and future generations.”14
The Human Gene Editing Initiative continues to be a test of public reaction to future coordinated FDA rubber stamp oversight for rarified posthuman genome productions. But, for your sake 露露 and 娜娜, I hope these staged debates will not be limited to policy wonks assuaging industry and science. There are other ways to read into this project of making our world into a transgenic world, of making our species into a transgenic species. There are debates and research trajectories that take us further than any informed but placid debate built on keeping legislation to a minimum and autonomy in the hands of the practitioners.
露露 and 娜娜, you are beings in the world: posthumans, transhumans and transgenic humans. Your entitiness, your coming into existence was a grand festival of technocelebration for some and horror for others. You are the start of a new kind of human breed marketing. The ritual welcoming of you into the world is an ecstatic, global cultural event. Please make yourselves at home!
HGEI/EPA/CDC/(ELSI)/ATF/GMO-VD.STD/DOI/NEA: regulatory hurdles or hurdling regulations?
Just so you know, you are listed on the trait exchange as ‘derived from bioengineering’. The big debates leading up to you were certainly forms of human desire. Cloned transgenic meat and milk-producing mutant livestock are not in existence for industry and consumers alone. They represent Radical Food Science as gastronomical wonders: a connoisseur’s cow, an epicurean gourmet goat. Oocyte transplant technique, our so-called three-parent babies, which could be thought of as born of mitochondrial swapping or hot mess ovum techno clone juggled lab kin, are also organisms groomed by repro-genetic germline stylists.15 Perhaps, we could say that you are trending both as genetic memes and memetic genes. Dr. He Jiankui (or JK, his preferred nickname) and many others are now the parent-curators of novel versions of the new human form, consciousness, constitution and temperament. The scientists and technicians who altered the genomes and the ovum of the zygotes are now a formal human sexual selection pressure. These skill sets happen to hover over a Bermuda Triangle of current legal streams. Who or what are cloned, transgenic humans? Is it up to the doctors, lawyers, politicians and executives to decide this question? Lulu and Nana, your voices may not carry much weight in this world of doublespeak and business as usual, but it’s important that you head off any zombie living death-slavery expectations that your maker culture might have for your social media personas.
In the United States, the FDA currently regulates knock-in gene pool additives. Nana and Lulu, are you a form of new livestock, a food or a drug? What is your regulated use for governments or science in general? Are you proprietary, are you cosmetic, are you medical devices, are you tissue cellular and gene therapy (GT) products? Are you legally human, subhuman, superhuman, posthuman or nonhuman? Are you true to type future replicant sister minions built for free market parental investment and performance enhanced expectations? Are you just literary clichés from Frankensteinian literature or are you the actualization of these Pygmalian agalmatophilian dreams?
We can agree, you are GMOs capable of ecological diaspora. Instead of the FDA, do you think you should be regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)? As whole organisms, are you not foreign species or a potentially invasive alien family of semihumans? Perhaps, all our future Lulus and Nanas should then be registered and monitored under the National Invasive Species Management Plan through the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI)? ‘The threats posed by invasive species cannot be confined by geographic boundaries; given this, Federal leadership is necessary’.16 On the other hand, perhaps your global potential to transmit radically novel traits to your offspring makes your existence a form of congenital venereal disease (VD) or a technologically assisted sexually transmitted disease (TA-STD)? In that case, perhaps you would be regulated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? As a proponent of your free, global reign, I would simply remind your critics that it is not just transgenes, but all of humanity and all of life that is a communicable infestation. Life is a sexually transmitted disease.
Sure, you and all the Lulus and Nanas of the present and the future are the remashes that most resemble vaporwave in semihuman form. Stolen loops of retro banality have been mined from the memories of biodiversity and juxtaposed into your particulate heredity cascade through your carnal flesh, carnal gonads and carnal kindred. The flat affect of these acts of frenzied lust arrives from the traumas of being out of control and command as recomposed through wry objectivism.
On yet another hand, perhaps, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF or BATF) should have oversight on methods of transgenesis (i.e. microinjection, electroporation, lipofection and biolistics) and the viral vectors they disseminate? These technologies are both congenital firearms and anatomical explosives. I wonder if transgenes are covered under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction also known as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)? There are questions of viral load, shedding and potentials for going airborne even for somatic GT. Phobic kneejerk fears of latently contagious droplets and contact precautions are not usually required beyond a few hours after the time of transmission of the infectious gene agent.
On the fourth hand, if we want an affirmative overcoming of bioethical guilt in the shadow of utilitarian pragmatism, we can proceed without the work of the negative, following the artistic logic of this open letter. For instance, the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA) might be the proper regulatory oversight bureaucracy for approving transgenic human reprotech kid production.17 Nana and Lulu, you are the most important sculptural, time-based, new media arts project of the century! Yet, your conception had no arts oversight. Semi-identical lifespan predictions: nana heterozygote for the CCR5-∆32 mutation, Lulu Mosaic for the CCR5-∆32 mutation.
Some bad news just in from Nature magazine,18 the CCR5-∆32 mutation you were made homozygote mutants from will shorten your lifespan average. According to Emma Yasinski of The Scientist: Using genetic sequences and vital statistics from hundreds of thousands of people, the team finds that people with two copies of the mutation had a 21 percent higher likelihood of dying by age 76 than those with only one copy or no copies.
Oops, JK just shortened your general mortal lifetime by one-fifth. This is merely a statistic but your immunity against other diseases, including the common flu and West Nile Virus may find you more incapacitated (including spiked mortality rates) than most, so take care.
On a brighter note, only one of you has both genes.
“Thus, Nana would still be susceptible to HIV infection. Although He demonstrated that Lulu was homozygous for the disrupted CCR5-Δ32 gene, this child may also be genetically mosaic, which means that Lulu may carry some edited cells and some unedited cells.”19
So, Nana, you are not enhanced, but you may have a longer life expectancy; Sorry about the lack of super memory and analytical skills, sorry about your non-resistance to AIDS. And may you live long and prosper. You are the control, also known as the wild type. You are actually less life threateningly susceptible to West Nile Virus or the flu than Lulu.
And Lulu, some added difficulties. Along with added functions, you are potentially more susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and strokes.20 Watch your RHOA, transforming protein RhoA levels; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase levels; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels; BMP-2, bone morphogenetic protein two levels; BMP-4, bone morphogenetic protein four levels; and BMSCs, bone marrow stromal cells levels. Pay attention to loose connective tissue, floppy joints and take your PTK2B: Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta pills. Sorry for helicopter parenting. There is some other obscure news in for you Lulu. You are mosaic in your sculptural, metabolic, cognitive decals. This means that some of your cells may be modified, and some of them may be heirloom human. The tangible hybrid patterning of your body plan may be of a wide variety. Your mix of transgenic and original, heirloom human genome may have been expressed as a left side-right side, upper body-lower body or even diagonally. There is also the potential that you are genetically modified in a motley pattern of random cell types. It is even possible that you have merely one pinky finger of genetic insert legible in your bodily form. Check out the developmental biology of gynandromorphy, and you will see that mosaicism is at times downright palomino. You may be a chimera, a mix of two genetic identities, a multimodal plurality, a remix, even a moiré patterned behavioral and metabolic Op art success story!
The direction of multifactorial gene action is reverberatory. So, knowing what scientific acts you are performing at the molecular level is still hard. My artistic suggestion is to own the complexities of the actual experience of your differences as genetic interventions. Again, there is no normal, and being wild type is no better in terms of managing difference. Random shuffling through sexual attraction alone does not a clean housekeep. Honestly, we have yet to figure out the complete metabolism of even Escherichia coli bacteria, and gene expression’s role in life’s forming is, let’s just call it, complicated.
The experiment continues…
I have seen that your parents signed an informed and consenting release form21 to allow you to be guinea pigs in the most important twin study since Josef Mengele’s stint. That deal should only last until you are adults and can negotiate your own terms. I would consider lawyering up! If there are physical or emotional complications or your PR team needs some gossip during a lull period, you can always sue for wrongful life. Talk to the legal team that represents the family survivors of Henrietta Lacks (mother of the HeLa cells) or one of the lawyers who filed civil suits against the estate of Jeffery Epstein.22 After all, He Jiankui is the Jeffery Epstein of Biotech. In your case, 露露 and 娜娜, the choice of Shenzhen for the actuation of the human gene editing proponents was actually a case of biotech neocolonialism. By positioning certain protocols in technical feats through US and UK universities and hospitals, the birthing was requisitioned, possibly even fielded out to the Silicon Valley of China, the ‘wild west’ of the east, the center of Chinese innovation and container ports for distribution. The lack of subtlety in the choice of China to give you life was in no way accidental. Racism and traditional eugenic history informed who and where this type of public outing of an oft-repeated experiment was actuated. Having witnessed the first International Summit of the Human Gene Editing Initiative, my artistic intuition picked up a global plan between collaborative science foundations. The labs broke the process into parts to conform to multinational legal loopholes. It was imperative to stay legalish and it was decided to let China do the dirty work of going full term. Global working groups at the Human Gene Editing Initiative allowed China to take the prize of being first and were pleased to see you, Lulu and Nana, come to fruition as a controversial twin study in a non-US, UK or EU context simply for the sake of Christian propriety.
Meanwhile, please excuse all the poking and prodding, scanning and samples. Medical culture has a scopic tendency, and hospitals are sort of just lab experiments with closedcircuit TV and bad food. Your blood and tissues are historic, so you may see a lot of doctors. Eventually, scientists, governments and renegades will want your eggs. More than likely, someone has already sampled your ovaries and sequenced your ovum payload. This is more about your grandkids than you are alone. What can I say optimistically? The proof is in the pudding, but Life is resilient and keeps going. Life is bigger than science and a strange cavalcade: mutations happen all the time. The deleterious and the enhanced are intermingled, and we all go with what we’ve got. So, Lulu and Nana, make the best of life. You are not just tools for a global lab experiment. There is a lot to enjoy, and you should find your own ways.
Iconoclasm as biosecurity and BioPorn
露露 and 娜娜, just so you know, long before your very secret and then very public birth, actual experiments in germline genetic engineering of the human genome have been going on covertly for quite some time, including live births, particularly in private hospitals, farms and labs. In the United States, no one has been granted any public funding for these projects (except the Pentagon), but private collectors can make any human breeds they design as corporate IVF+. Furthermore, human trials worldwide have been developing lines of humans with both human and nonhuman properties. This is all unverifiable hearsay of high probability correctness. So, there are potentially tons of Lulus and Nanas currently growing as NextGENTM CRISPr23 transgenhuman beings.
They are queer like all of us, multiplying like clockwork oranges and they are your seestras. The nuclear membrane of the ovum is now ground zero for an inward blebbing space race of competing transgenic futures. The ironing out of inherited mistakes is a gateway drug to the baroque of inherited Genetic Modification Orgiastics (i-GMO24) potentials. In some ways, you were both born as a PR stunt to perpetuate the practice of germline genetic gonad tweaking. Your very existence is meant to aid and abet the supposed defragmentation and optimization of the species’ genome through heavy-handed meddling. Your lives, as experimental beings, are a gateway drug, mainlining into the mainstream as poster children of the human gene editing movement. But from a ritual process standpoint, you are the world’s totem germline initiation transgens.
Nana and Lulu, I truly hope the CRISPR constructs don’t cause you to die early of cancer, chromosomal breakage or CCR5-∆32 mutation complications and you live long enough to reach a mature enough phase to be able to read a version of this letter. You are unique life forms who should be seen for who you are and not for your public difference. I respect your anonymity, but it will probably not hold. At an age where you can be exposed to adult topics, I hope you will receive well the following comments on the charismatic attraction of your otherness as outputs of experiments in art and science.
I am worried that your biopop infamy will potentially find you caught between smothering worship and xenophobic death threats. It is well known that drives drive drives in the vital splay of life forming, and Eros has a penchant for the mesmerism of obsession. Therefore, if you are the product of obsession, it would behoove you to have some understanding of the economies of desire and the role of the excess as an investment in proudly aberrant foci. Understanding the specific gravity of the seductive potential of your sexual selectivity is important for your development, as you have been made as objects of heritable curiosity. In other words, you have been born to be bred as research subjects heralded by the worst of scientism, but you may usurp expectations and allow your anomalousness to be libidinally empowering. Nothing could belittle or objectify you more than to be pimped out through clinical partnering as part of a rational breeding program based on heritage alone.
To put it country simple, human genome editing and the concept of human enhancement might be multigenerational eugenics, but it is also based on a fetish of control. It may be unsafe, insane and beyond any prepersonal potential for consent, but it is a form of repro-gonad fucking. In utero tailoring is a sort of genome bondage and you are in it. Someone else had a little genetic foreplay with your hereditary cascade. You are bioart, a sadomasochistic vision of nature in shibari. This is the vamping of nature’s love of mutation, a sort of drag mocking of nature and a freak show to be sure. These biologists put you in a zendai suit of permanent multigenerational cosplay to mock actual ecologies. The obsessing and compulsive monomanias that you are subjects in and subject to are sadistic, but you are also inborn kinky, differently-abled transgressions. No one but an artist dares to voice it, but this is a form of mesmerizing charisma and can work in your favor.
Toward posthuman rights
Lulu and Nana, it is my honor to support you as free-range and internationally migratory beings. Even those who will agree with this recommendation are unlikely to arrive at it by the same guarantee of lack of reasoning that the arts are honed to provide. For those who find the esoteric sufficiently compelling, the above criteria represent a commitment to promoting queer beings and alternative beings within a framework of informed consent and freedom of expression. Those not completely persuaded that the aesthetics outweigh the social concerns may nonetheless conclude that even the antiaesthetic as criteria for human gene editing if properly implemented, should allow free range toward a harassment-free global citizenship climate for our trending difference populations.
The Human Gene Editing Initiative is simply a quorum of voices, a collaborative, coordinated global action that is responsible for grooming the public into tacit acceptance of the process of making you. It comes as no surprise that global bioethics would be found wanting, predatorily leading the witnesses into social acceptance, as a way to keep up the veneer of responsible, ethical, rational proGMO Human Germline genomic technology. Beyond asking which branch of Government should have regulatory oversight, please ask the Lulus and the Nanas – is the military health consumerism industry, with its use of rubber-stamp oversight as publicity, going to bring us through the lines of flight away from Version 1.0 common human form and out into the biodiverse posthuman fields of potential that only open, free-range ideation can provide? I know your existence depended on these regulatory ruses, but I wonder if actual diversity (of crafting, roaming and ideation) will be respected in the forms to come?
There are many potential effects of the CCR2 aesthetic you have been chosen to be born with. The choice was an HIV resistance health aesthetic as subterfuge for a naive aesthetic based on trending brain enhancement conceptual art theory. This is science leading the way not only in the creative arts but also in the realm of high satire and irony. The specters and hauntologies of remix humans are just what is expected from humans. We are the most neurotic, lurching, lurking species on the planet. We are the most gullible family. It is this naive reading of the genetic effects of CCR2 that most encapsulate the problems of labeling cognition through cognitive bias in enhancement presuppositions. Perhaps, you, 露露 and 娜娜 with your enhanced Ashkenazi/MidNorth European AIDS resistant,25 memory and learning,26 CCR5-Δ32 gene knock-ins will have to deal with enhanced cortical plasticity and hippocampus-dependent emotional breadth as merely enhanced trippy analogical neurosis, but that’s what it takes to be a good screenplay writer or borscht belt geneart comedian. So, welcome to the slapstick dome.
As we build a canal full of love into the safe harbors of our genomic USB ports. Let us continue to question and be inclusive as to what styles we should stockpile in our GT LentiViral knock-in libraries to midwife our targeted, CRISPR-cas9 cassette inserted, mutant human zoo. Signature transgene infections into human ovum, sperm, zygote or hESC should always include a premonitory cultural spinoff. That is the nature of free-living prophecy and the reason for the arts as foreign generalities.
It is for these reasons that I invite you both, Lulu and Nana, to consider becoming leading voices in BEAK and practice the aesthetic sculpting of new human life utilizing the media of biotechnology as directors of transgenic on transgenic future human builds. You are already here; you are going public and you are humans.
Consider bioart as a venue to return the gifts you were given!
Dr. Adam Zaretsky
Principal, Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission (BEAK)
Notes
1 Adam Zaretsky: Invited Guest in conversation with moderator Hank Greely, Stanford University. Speakers: David Relman, Stanford University and VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Richard Gold, McGill University, Charis Thompson, University of California, Berkeley, at the International Summit, The Human Gene Editing Initiative, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C., 2015, http://nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/index.htm, https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=jMb-0d1T548
2 Proudfoot, C., Carlson, D. F., Huddart, R. et al., “Genome edited sheep and cattle,” Transgenic Res. 2015;24:147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-014-9832-x
3 This is an abbreviated list of people and institutions who advised, turned a blind eye or kept their opinions private before the births were made public. For a more detailed accounting, see: The untold story of the ‘circle of trust’ behind the world’s first gene-edited babies, Jon Cohen, Science magazine, Aug. 1, 2019, 11:30 AM, supported by the Pulitzer Center, https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2019/08/untold-story-circle-trust-behind-world-s-first-gene-edited-babies
4 Wang, H., and Yang, H. “Gene-edited babies: What went wrong and what could go wrong,” PLoS Biol. 2019;17(4):e3000224. Published 2019 Apr 30. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000224
5 FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting.
6 ART: assisted reproductive technology.
7 See Domestic Art, Crosley Bendix: Cultural Reviewer and Director of Stylistic Premonitions, Negativland – Crosley Bendix – The Radio Reviews – 02 – Views – Domestic Art, December 14, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0Mwogvp2NQQ
8 For more on DIY iGMO biolistics, see Roijackers, M. M., “Doing the taboo: Examining affect and participation in bioart”, Dalila Honorato and Andreas Giannakoulopoulos (eds), Taboo – Transgression – Transcendence in Art & Science 2016 Conference Proceedings, Corfu: Department of Audio and Visual Arts – Ιonian University, 2017 (pp. 262–285) as well as Mutafelch Experiments in Biolistics: mutaFelch – Methods of Transgenesis: Genegun (Biolistics), Queer New York International Arts Festival and Grace Exhibition Space, 2014 and Kapelica Gallery, Ljublian, Slovenia, EU, 2014. https://archive.org/details/MutaFelch/FINzaretsky_mutaFelch_Vimeosize2.mp4
9 Zaretsky, Adam, “centiSperm, methods of transgenesis: Shoot, shock, inject, experiments in biolistics, electroporation and microinjection”, Dalila Honorato and Andreas Giannakoulopoulos (eds), Taboo – Transgression – Transcendence in Art & Science 2017 Conference Proceedings, Corfu: Department of Audio and Visual Arts – Ιonian University, 2018 (pp. 71–98).
10 “Methods of transgenesis: Shoot, shock and inject”, Adam Zaretsky, Ph.D., Laboratories of Earthly Survival, Garage Museum of Contemporary Art, Moscow, Russia, 2018 and Zaretsky, Adam, “FIST.SAVE.MOP.BAIT (Forced interspecies symbiosis transgenic solar animal vegetable environmental microinjection organismic personality behavioral audio integrity test)”, Ja Natuurlijk, Gemeentemuseum Den Haag (GEM), Ine Gevers curator, den Hague, Netherlands, EU, 2013.
11 psyFert, Coconut DNA Lipofection Massage Lab, Psychic Fertility Clinic, Performed at Rosekill, Rosendale, NY, 2017 and Aki Bio Matters, curated Dr. Agnieszka Anna Wołodźko, Crossmedia Design, Academy of Art and Design, Enschede, Netherlands, 2018.
12 The International Commission on the Clinical Use of Human Germline Genome Editing recently had their first meeting, and it became clear that the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) support a moratorium on going directly to the public clinic for this type of research. They seem to want to be included at the table of debate with U.S. National Academies of Sciences and Medicine and the UK Royal Society while saying the word moratorium outloud. National Academy of Sciences Building in Washington, D.C. on August 13, 2019. http:// nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/international-commission/index.htm
13 Center for Genetics in Society (CGS) is a non-profit, social justice organization, A Project of the Tides Center, www.geneticsandsociety.org
14 Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, 59th Meeting of the Cellular, Tissue, and Gene Therapies Advisory Committee February 25, 2014 (Gaithersburg, MD, 2014), pp. 180–190, http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AdvisoryCommittees/CommitteesMeetingMaterials/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics/CellularTissueandGeneTherapiesAdvisoryCommittee/UCM390945.pdf. Quotes selected from transcribed comments by Marcie Donovsky, Executive Director of the Center for Genetics in Society, located under subheading Agenda Item: Open Public Hearing.
15 See letters: Zaretsky, Adam, Does Cloned Animal Safety Take into Account the Effect of Aesthetics on the Long-Term Ecological Effects of Food Chain Design?, formal docket formerly on the FDA website and presented at the “Eye of the Storm” Arts Catalyst event, Tate Museum, London UK, 2009 and Zaretsky, Adam, Human Inherited Genetic Modification of Developing Embryo, written to the Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapy Advisory Committee (CTGTAC), Office of Cellular Tissue and Gene Therapies Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the Federal Government of the United States of America (GOV.US) in response to a call by CTGAC/CBER/FDA/GOV.US for written dockets for a public hearing on “oocyte modification”, often referred to as three-parent baby production. Never entered into the public dockets. Both letters are graciously reprinted here: Zaretsky, Adam, Oocyte Aesthetic, Human Design and Mission Creep, ed. Pier Luigi Capucci, Noema J., 2019, https://noemalab.eu/ideas/ oocyte-aesthetic-human-design-and-mission-creep/
16 https://www.doi.gov/ocl/invasive-species
17 That is if the USA doesn’t dissolve what is left of the arts as a part of society in the near future!
18 Wei, X. et al., “CCR5-Δ32 is deleterious in the homozygous state in humans,” Nat. Med. 2019, doi:10.1038/s41591-019-0459-6.
19 Xie, Y., Zhan, S., Ge, W., and Tang, P. “The potential risks of C-C chemokine receptor 5-edited
babies in bone development,” Bone Res. 2019;7:4. Published January 29, 2019. doi:10.1038/s41413-019-0044-0
20 Ibid.
21 http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=32758
22 https://www.democracynow.org/2019/8/15/lisa_bloom_jeffrey_epstein_civil_cases
23 According to Nature Magazine, CRISPR, the popular gene editing approach, is proving to be a disruptive technology.CRISPR, the disruptor, Heidi Ledford, Nature News, Springer Nature,
June 3, 2015, https://www.nature.com/news/crispr-the-disruptor-1.17673
24 Zaretsky, A., iGMO: Inherited Genetic Modification Orgiastics, Institutional Critique to Hospitality: Bioart Practices. A Critical Anthology. Edited by Assimina Kaniari, Art History and Theory series, Grigori Publications, Athens, 2017.
25 Novembre, J., Galvani, A.P., and Slatkin, M. “The geographic spread of the CCR5-Δ32 HIV-resistance allele,” PLoS Biol. 2005;3(11):e339. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0030339 and Maayan, S., Zhang, Linqi, Shinar, E., Ho, J., He, T., Manni, N., Kostrikis, Leondios, Neumann, Avidan, “Evidence for recent selection of the CCR5-Δ32 deletion from differences in its frequency between Ashkenazi and Sephardi Jews,” Genes Immun 2000; 1:358–361. doi:10.1038/sj.gene.6363690. As an Ashkenazi representative, I can tell you that if the term analytical enhancement is anything like my bottlenecked population’s cognitive tableau, you are in for painfully lateral thinking, OCDish symptoms, the delusional mania of a multifarious, personal monotheism, neurosis befitting a self-reflective, guilt-ridden demiurge and a wicked, Yiddishkeit sense of humor. Being born neocortically heavy is not so easy-peasy.
26 Zhou, M., Greenhill, S., Huang, S., et al. “CCR5 is a suppressor for cortical plasticity and hippocampal learning and memory,” ELIFE 2016;5:e20985. Published December 20, 2016. doi:10.7554/ eLife.20985.
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Excerpt from ‘Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart: An open letter to Lulu and Nana’
Published Online 1 September 2021 by Adam Zaretsky
Dr. He Jiankui led a research project to use CRISPR technology to add human enhancement gene CCR5-Δ32 into the genome of the zygotes of 露露 and 娜娜 (Lulu and Nana). This letter is meant to help the twins understand their cultural importance and explore lines of quandary they may not be privy to otherwise. This letter is to Lulu and Nana from the Bioarts Ethical Advisory Komission (BEAK). It pertains to the cultural aesthetics of germline human gene editing. Exploring the role of aesthetic breadth in manufacturing of transgenic humans, this letter utilizes art history and cultural criticism to review the Legal, Ethical, Societal and Libidinal implications (LESLi) of human genetic engineering as bioart. It calls for restrictions against the knocking-in of human gene edits that have been convincingly demonstrated to cause, or to strongly predispose, kindred to the diseases of cultural banality, naïve human enhancement style, or adverse normalization. Beyond offering an artistic regulatory framework for human mutant creativity in vivo, this letter offers clarification, redefinition and contestational advice directly to Lulu and Nana.
Adam Zaretsky, Ph.D., BioArtist, Principal at Bioarts Ethical Advisory Komission (BEAK) Invited Guest, International Summit, The Human Gene Editing Initiative, National Academy of Science, Washington D.C. 2012 in conversation with moderator Hank Greely:
“We are actually talking about programming our own future genome and the concept of the human is less queer than the technology. This is where the artists sometimes come in. I’m looking at health or health betterment, which is optimization. Enhancement falls under optimization of the human genome. But that would be us making ourselves into a monoculture based on traditional humans. It’s really strange but we would be heirloom GMO humans or organic GMO humans. Without looking at alternative aesthetics, we are falling into the problem of disability studies for transgenic humans. Psychosocial problems of transgenic humans might be because anything but traditional human form is perceived as monstrous. And yet, we are actually altering form to a great degree and it is under the aegis of health itself. And that is not enough.”
Hank Greely, Law and Bioscience, Stanford University:
“Responses? Thoughts?” After a brief pregnant silence, Hank himself responds:
“I do think that civilization, or whatever you call what humans have been doing for the last 10,000 years has made huge changes in who we are, what we look like and what our allele frequencies are. So there is some continuity at least, in our discontinuity.”
An Open Letter to 露露 and 娜娜 (Lulu and Nana): Gene Editing of Human Embryos and the Biological Arts
sent From: Adam Zaretsky
Date: Fri, Aug 30, 2019 at 6:02 PM
To: DearLuluAndNana@gmail.com
Dear Lulu and Nana, and the parents of 露露 and 娜娜,
Wow, 露露 and 娜娜, welcome to our world. You were born under the aegis of health itself but you were also born in the river of queer that flows through all time. At the advent of the Second International Summit on Human gene editing, news of your birth was intentionally leaked to the press. You and your parents were given pseudonyms/anonymity. There is controversy surrounding your existence. You are the first officially designed, engineered, or creatively transformed transgenic people on earth. By no choice of your own, you have been born as an example of reprogenetic biopower. You are already a technological fascination and you might as well enjoy it.
I am writing you to let you know that despite the many attempts to define your futures, there are many ways for you to interpret your lives as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Your animal familiars have punk/generic kitsch stage names like yours: OncoMouse, Brainbow Mouse, GloFish, AquaBounty Salmon, Herman the Bull and Schwarzenegger Sheep. One possibility for interpreting your GMO identities is to consider yourselves art! The role of the arts is underrated in the supposed reasoning behind the global push toward normalizing Human Gene Editing. But your genes have not been merely designed, tailored or engineered. You are the sculptural results of a maudlin minimalism built from a conceptual arts practice into a biomedium as altered life itself. Since you are currently ripening for real television, you might consider how to not become merely child stars destroyed by fame. Your very existence and any of your future inborn germline relations are actually time-based, new media.
Lulu and Nana, I have some bad news and I have some good news. The bad news is, you are just the art, you are not the artists. If you are used as milk carton kids, both for and against Human Germline Genetic Modification (IGM), then you were born of the parent-scientists and, through the deliberate use of the Yellow Light of Bioethics, the parent-voices of the Human Gene Editing Initiative as well. The Yellow Light of Bioethics refers to the stalling of and threatening moratorium as a way of both representing caution for the cautious while sending a signal to speed up and make those GMO babies before the light turns red. Implicit in yellow-light ethics is that the light can turn red at any moment but hardly ever does. This is a threat/hint to scientists who work in controversial areas: edit a bit for the public, as the yellow light only turns red when public relations go sour. While the yellow light is a warning light, it also implies to researchers that the window of going forward may close if they don’t rush through the yellow light as fast as possible.
In the world of university and corporate research, ethicists on funded ESLI committees are for shills for hire or Rent-a-Priests if not entirely private and in-house affairs. Replacing religion with secular (legal) judgments on appropriate utilization of new technical potentials for tweaking life, the job of the applied bioethicist is to allow voice to all concerns, weigh the benefits (often the retirement benefits) and nearly always advise moving forward with caution as fast as possible. This is the economy of responsible legal oversight in a culture of innovation, futurism, competition and dynamistic speed: the usury of the concept of caution. And this is the impetus, spurred the wild technophiliac futurists and their investment groups in the lab bench to bedside pipeline.
Your actual father’s sperm, mother’s eggs and womb were predominantly tools or hosts for a special research project of techno-parenting. Your parents actually include Dr. He Jiankui, his collaborators and confidantes including but not limited to: Lin Zhitong, Shenzhen HarMoniCare Women and Children’s Hospital Ethics review board, Stephen Quake, Bill Efcavitch, Yu Jun, Michael W. Deem, Shenzhen’s Peacock Plan, Xie Bingwen, John Zhang, Pei Duanqing, Baihualin, George Church, Mark Dewitt, Craig Mello, Qin Jinzhou, Renli Zhang, William Hurlbut, Ben Hurlbut, Ryan Ferrell, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Rice University, Stanford University, Matthew Porteus, Qin Jinzhou, Putian Group (8000+ Private Hospitals), China’s Thousand Talents Plan (TTP), South University of Science and Technology of China, International Investors, multiple National Governments, as well as David Baltimore and the Human Gene Editing Initiative body in its entirety. These are the people and institutions that as a whole allowed for your existence and afterwards most feigned repulsion so they might be considered the overly permissive yet kvetching ethic-yentas of this whole kerfuffle. They are your hive of autochthonic, reprogenetic breeders.
On a brighter note, you are your own agitprop, tactical media. You are readymades with open reading frames. You are open to future interpretations, some of which are yours to decide. In a general welcoming disclaimer, you are not alone in being born without being asked. All of us have wondered at times what the reasoning behind our parents’ choices to conceiving us was. No one consents to be born and, often, we were the result of the blindness caused by love, lust, greed, inebriation, arranged marriages or other banal utilitarian practicalities. The genetic shuffle caused by conception is based on chance, random permutation, jazz. Even in the arts, this does not always connote excellence, novelty, iconoclasm or even baseline banality. Your signature genetic event occurred in a prepersonal moment during the shuffle of zygotic chromosomal interpretation. And you were born into a global society with influential ethical and practical control issues that are very hard to unclench or get beyond.
This letter is to help you understand the role of the arts in your embodied alterity and how the arts might help interpret the world for you both. Just as the human body is not merely décor, the arts do not merely dress up debate. You may be experimental human subjects to some, but in art as art you carry the strong ability to make your markedness into your own kind of remarkable. I hope the following alternative assessment helps you both eventually find some modicum of identity interpretation, both public and private, which will offer you more fulfillment than being merely a publicity stunt for scientism.
Bioart-based genetically modified human build projection
Lulu and Nana, you should not be overly worried about germline human gene editing. You were simply born with “added value” from New Reproductive techniques. The off-target mutations and downstream metabolic abnormalities that can be expected might be novel knowledge for future clinical trials or just novel. Retrospectively, our misplaced worries stemmed from the fact that a large percentage of human genetic breeder assistance providers may not have had the Art Historical schooling that most creatives of Future Genetic Aesthetics will have had. Right now, the only type of ‘taste’ we can see publically embedded in IGM in your Human Germlines is CCR5-Δ32. As interventionist babies, I fear your inborn aesthetics are based on ramping up health production. Yes, the plan is to spend millions of proprietary research dollars on making copies of human sires/sows whose profitability is based on medical tropes of health as beauty alone. Yes, we are missing much of what contemporary art can lend to the contemporary breeding of posthuman novelty.
What are the cultural aesthetics of our ecological future?
露露 and 娜娜, you were bred by industry. Decisions were made for you. You are babies, designed along a weak plurality of aesthetic lineages. The broadening of the diverse human palette is important globally. As new transgenic lines, your altered metabolisms may have an impact on the future of ecology and diversity of our planet. As competitively designed meat puppets take up more and more of the terrestrial grazing land, we have come to understand that we live on a planet dominated by humans and their quest for autochthonic control. Designed and cloned transgenic humans like you are limited editions, but it is my hope that you can reproduce and stabilize independently. As Transgen[ic].people, you may be proud, differently abled persons. By some, you may be treated as an alien/foreign species (or at least non-native, postnatural, bioengineered genus), brought forth from technological sites and going free range into our international interiors. But, are you and your mutant sibling capable of initiating enough gene expression pattern dissonance for us to want to live with y’all for generations to come? Sometimes, real-time congenital health cures are not enough. There is an economy of aesthetics, which will drive the ecological effect of our engineered future.
How do we decide who is worth engineering for which conceptual dalliances?
Transgenic Human Genetic Modification Babies can be designed along a wide variety of Aesthetic gene expression action plans. Considering the true range of germline expressionism possible in a collage of multiple genomic palettes, and considering the span that time-based, new-media sculptures like you might carry on for, we should critically question the use of health, enhancement, economic efficiency or even popular (domestic) culture to drive acceptable GMO baby design. Culture, health, enhancement and profitability are neither simple concepts nor should they be our only deciding forces for future embodied design. What lies beyond public acceptance of the technology? Have your lives been offered up in order to ameliorate the leveling influences of public trend, medical bias and marketing anti-diversity? Are you the novelty Transgenic Human production schemas in this regulatory framework? Are you the human beta tests, barely modified yet proof of concept for even more radical tailoring, as if you were genetic placeholders for a burgeoning cloud? How can niche power be brokered in this global competition for more unusual kindred? Lulu and Nana, what sort of engineered babies do you want to produce, and would you like to produce them as artists or scientists?
What can an understanding of the arts bring to human design?
Thanks to the social acceptance that your embodied process helps to foster, the history of art may finally come to some use for humanity! The pipeline runs free expression through fertility brokers into CRISPR Shacks hanging up their shingles and into all sorts of novel replicant applications for public purview. Implicitly, there is an aesthetic hazard of breeding without a proper understanding of global creative culture. I hope that a working knowledge of our shared species-based artistic heritage will be taken into account when your brothers and sisters of the transgenic fold are sculpted in the future. The arts represent a great asset for IGM design and a great way to insure that the future isn’t born looking dull, retrograde, healthy-ish and a bit too sketchy.
Without a firm grasp of Art History, you, 露露 and 娜娜, as spokes-children for the cloned and genome-tweaked denizens of this earth, may never rise above representing our national and international goals as G20 food producers, drug pushers and global consumer designers. The admixture of biologically exuberant interspecies variety through genetic engineering and the cloning of spectacular hereditary cascades should only be approved through an aesthetic advisory commission made up of artists, art historians, off-the-locus aesthetics specialists and subaltern bioethical tangentialists. The future of style and the avoidance of populous birthings of any aesthetic hazards are dependent on collaboration between new reproductive biotechnology and the arts. It is for this reason that the Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission (BEAK) was established.
Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission
The BEAK was established to provide artistic oversight and ethical assessment for bioart applications. Covering such things as biosafety, recombinant safety, animal and other non-human or semi-human care and use as well as housing and enrichment for bioart projects. BEAK reviews legal, ethical, societal and libidinal implications (LESLI) of bioartistic production. This includes research and development as well as issues in installation, exhibition and humane sacrifice. Assessments are made on a product, process and project basis through artistic risk versus artistic benefit analysis. The following two sections are BEAK Art and Ethics white papers for public discussion.
BEAK LESLI transgenic human arts review
Scientism’s busiest artists are off FACS sorting germline-altered human reproductive hESC tissue into clean and well-fed culture flasks. The experimental designs of your birthright included a performance of species widening art criticism. Whether it is in the Germline, Whole Organisms, Somatic bodies or Tissue-Cultured Cell Therapeutics (CT), Human Gene Editing is an ART of forming an unlimited edition (multiple multigenerational originals as opposed to one of a kind genus/species) of a novel altered human trajectory. Were these protocols used to refabricate your heredity an esoteric, abject and non-utilitarian breeding project? Perhaps, unintentionally, as Science is a Subset of Conceptual Minimalist Arts Practice. But there are many other art movements, i.e. Ancient art, Modernist art, Contemporary and postContemporary art. It is the range of emotive contortionism that the arts provide that gives artists and arts reviewers a special Human Gene Editing advisory role to play in this debate on the future of GMO Humanity. Some examples for the future of art history and anatomy:
– Rococo Biolistic Transgenic Arts
– Synchromism Electroporation Germline Arts
– DNA Op Art Stemcell Microinjection Arts
– Constructed Painting Lipofection Genetic Art
– Practitioners of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) Domestic Genetic Art
– Kitsch Art-Brut Garage Outsider Punk Artificial Womb HESc Arts
– The Inherited ‘Case Against Art’ Living Antiart Engineered Arts
For the Science Technology community that needs and art and biotech primer here is a short lexicon:
1. Rococo is a form of art that started in the late baroque of the 1700s emphasizing a madness for detailed elaboration and ornate, asymmetrical flourishes leading to a conspicuous consumption of the senses. The florid details stand as monuments in direct opposition to the pared down Minimalism of the Protestant Reformation. In the case of applied sculptural benefits to the future of engineered babies, this would be a good bet for a movement dedicated to battling the obsessive compulsive urge to defragment and minimalize the future of human form in the name of elegant purity and plainness that seems to be a goal of many a transhumanist idealist.
2. Biolistic technology utilizes viral vector soaked transgene infection construct soaked nanoparticle as projectiles. Nanoparticles can be shot using the pressure of an air pistol. This ‘gene gun’ mechanism is used to literally blast novel genetic traits into living nuclei and hence aid the proximity toward a proliferation of sci-desire into the genome of choice.
3. Synchronism is an art movement that pandered to synesthesia, attempting to make paintings with color arrangements the viewer can feel as audible orchestrations. Abstract and gaudy, this might correspond to future humans with squid color communication abilities or just gaudy, abstract, orchestrated posthumans of a forgettable nature.
4. Electroporation is a method of gene transfer that uses high voltage pulses to get heritable plasmids inside the nuclear membrane and in touch with the genome to be impregnated with the genetic alteration payload.
5. Op Art is a genre of art that specializes in optical illusion. Popular during the postwave of 1960s psychedelic art. OpArt claims non-objectivity and entertains through cognitive perceptual limits and headache producing moiré patterns. This could certainly be applied to making people that appear the opposite of camouflaged, twenty-four-hour party people and parents in need of an Austin Powers styled kin for talking points or easy recognition in a crowd.
6. Microinjection is a process of injection transgene introducing products into the nucleus of individual cells or recent zygotes one at a time to induce genetic difference engines into the genome of that cell.
7. Constructed Painting is a process of dimension in painting often through cutting up a painting and raising and lowering portions as well as making a painting non-rectangular or of amorphous shape. In the case of transgenic art, it would pertain to adding extra dimensionality to a person’s anatomical development through genetic cuts and non-intuitive, hox/pax segmentation repatterning.
8. Lipofection is a fat-soluble transport mechanism of transfecting cellular genomes with transgenic constructs. Immersion or topical applications can have a non-invasive entrance to the proximal genomic payload though what appears to be a slightly irritating massage oil.
9. Domestic art is a term coined by Crosley Bendix: Cultural Reviewer and Director of Stylistic Premonitions, World Media Net Web, 2016. Domestic Art is a form of suburbanite art-brut challenging the creative use of household products like marshmallow fluff, sofas and the tearing of wallpaper as well as juice sponge blotting of said torn wallpaper in the process of art production. This could crossover with some of the DIY-Bio protocols using household products to achieve a demystified protocol for biotechnological feats.
10. Art-Brut is autodidactic art, art of the insane, the untrained and the illiterate (preferably all three.) Art-Brut in the human germline is akin to the sort of ‘bull in a china shop’ current passages of genes into the human gonads, germlines and genealogies. Though technically less than perfect, the general appreciation for transgenic humanity nets a mere untrained eye plodding along to form a charismatically unprofessional, rugged and paranoid embodiment.
11. Kitsch Art is art that strives for the lowest common denominator at any cost, a sort of mix between Hello Kitty and Fascism that is popular culture in all its well-researched commodity forms. Most pop designer babies will generally fall into this genre of aesthetics by the time they get to mass markets. This is one of the major reasons that artistic breadth is so important in the target group diversification of offered baby style in the future. In order to reconcile human kitschification, art diversification needs to be a part of the equation. Even Pop Art has second or even third-level irony to keep it from total kitschification.
12. HESc is Human Embryonic Stem Cells, each of which can be formed into implantable embryonic bodies. A single flask or frozen aliquot represents millions of potential clones or transgenic clones for mass marketing.
13. Antiart goes back to Dadaism, and it is Art that destroys the deification of art and in some ways destroys itself. This seems to be the probably net result of our meddling in the human germline and in that sense germline human genome editing has a friend in Dadaism.
BEAK LESLI aesthetic oversite: artistic regulatory restrictions and structures
The Organizing Committee for the BEAK Clinical has reached the following conclusions. Trials using heritable germline editing should be permitted only after Aesthetic review in an Artistic Regulatory framework that includes the following criteria, restrictions and structures:
– restriction against the knocking-in of gene edits that have been convincingly demonstrated to cause or to strongly predispose kindred to the disease of cultural banality, the condition of esoteric-lessness showing evidence of adverse normalizing;
– comprehensive plans for long-term, multigenerational follow-up, mating schemas, entertainment contracting and pornographic options, all the while still respecting personal autonomy;
– restrictions in place preventing naïve enhancement optimism aesthetics in the human genome as pragmatic and utilitarian arguments are not enough to insure contemporary artistic standards (unless level of Hyperrealism meets peer practitioner standards);
– maximum arty opacity while still being consistent with the legal invasion of patient privacy;
– emotional alternatives informing editing structures and goals have been formed in the aesthetic absence of reason;
– restrictions to allowing a serious kitsch disease or poor aesthetic conditioning respected (unless level of irony meets Contemporary standards);
– ongoing, rigorous oversight during clinical trials of the aesthetics of the procedure and the exhibition and documentation of the research participants;
– continued reassessment of je ne sais quoi in terms of both artistic and aesthetic benefits and risks, with broad ongoing participation and input by the artists, art historians and art critics on gene constructs of mutagenic choice;
– reliable subaltern insight oversight mechanisms to prevent extension of technology to uses other than creating serious art or novel and iconoclastic conditions; and
– availability of incredible or even unbelievable pre-clinical and/or clinical data on risks and potential contemporary time-based, new media bioart benefits due to successful indoctrination, infiltration and transgene infection of multigenerational procedures.
Even those who will support this recommendation are unlikely to arrive at it by the same guarantee of lack of reasoning that the arts are honed to provide. For those who find the esoteric sufficiently compelling, the above criteria represent a commitment to promoting queer being and alternative-beings within a framework of informed consent and freedom of expression.
Beyond health and beauty lies a glut of diverse industrial beings, born with positive anomalous security for the sake of the widest range of diverse and divergent feelings that action/reaction/abreaction can attain. Consider what a gifted retro-garde cubist could bring to the table. Lulu and Nana, are your mosacisms a form of Humanity Plus (H+) cubism beyond any chance of prepersonal agency?
Human gene editing initiative: oversight or mission creep?
The Human Gene Editing Initiative pits raw research against consumer rights and always (p)references industrial interests. Propaganda in the media has been thoroughly against any real talk of a Human Gene Editing moratorium. For these reasons, it was only after your announced births that the popularization of stigma toward the voice of prevention temporarily waned. Before your actual dreamy birthrights, most of the talking points focused on the improved health of the unborn (also read as curing infertility). Your parents and you, as their germline-altered kin, are now both registered as key to both opening and closing the regulatory approval pipeline meant to revamp our genetic commons.
According to Dr. Marcie Donovsky, Executive Director of the Center for Genetics in Society (CGS), You, Lulu and Nana are radical experiments! Dr. Donovsky announces that you are part of a sort of remastered race for niche markets, a sort of techno founder effect, test subjects for future presales. Speaking to the Food and Drug Administration Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Dr. Donovsky states:
“The elephant in the room of course is inheritable genetic modification…possibly putting in motion a regime of high tech consumer eugenics…. Think about mission creep…. These manipulations are not meant to treat people who are sick and suffering, … what we’re talking about is radical experiments on future children and future generations.”
The Human Gene Editing Initiative continues to be a test of public reaction to future coordinated FDA rubber stamp oversight for rarified posthuman genome productions. But, for your sake露露 and 娜娜, I hope these staged debates will not be limited to policy wonks assuaging industry and science. There are other ways to read into this project of making our world into a transgenic world, of making our species into a transgenic species. There are debates and research trajectories that take us further than any informed but placid debate built on keeping legislation to a minimum and autonomy in the hands of the practitioners.
露露 and 娜娜, you are beings in the world: posthumans, transhumans and transgenic humans. Your entitiness, your existence was a grand festival of techno-celebration for some and horror for others. You are the start of a new kind of human breed marketing. The ritual welcoming of you into the world is an ecstatic, global cultural event. Please make yourselves at home!
HGEI/EPA/CDC/(ELSI)/ATF/GMO-VD.STD/DOI/NEA: regulatory Hurdles or Hurdling regulations?
Just so you know, you are listed on the trait exchange as ‘derived from bioengineering’. The big debates leading up to you were certainly forms of human desire. Cloned transgenic meat and milk-producing mutant livestock are not in existence for industry and consumers alone. They represent Radical Food Science for gastronomical wonders: a connoisseur’s cow, an epicurean gourmet goat. Oocyte transplant technique, our so-called three parent babies, which could be thought of as born of mitochondrial swapping or hot mess ovum techno clone juggled lab kin, are also organisms groomed by repro-genetic germline stylists. Perhaps, we could say that you are trending both as genetic memes and memetic genes.
Dr. He Jiankui (or JK, his preferred nickname) and many others are now the parent-curators of novel versions of new human form, consciousness, constitution and temperament. The scientists and technicians who altered genomes and ovum of the zygote are now a formal human sexual selection pressure. These skill sets happen to hover over a Bermuda triangle of current legal streams. Who or what are cloned, transgenic humans? Is it up to the doctors, lawyers, politicians and executives to decide this question? Lulu and Nana your voices may not carry much weight in this world of doublespeak and business as usual, but it’s important that you head off any zombie living death slavery expectations that your maker culture might have for your social media personas.
In the USA, the FDA currently regulates knock-in gene pool additives. Nana and Lulu, are you a form of new livestock, a food or a drug? What is your regulated use for governments or science in general? Are you proprietary, are you cosmetic, are you medical devices, are you tissue cellular and gene therapy (GT) products? Are you legally human, sub-human, superhuman, posthuman or non-human? Are you true to type future replicant sister minions built for free market parental investment and performance enhanced expectations? Are you just literary clichés from Frankensteinian literature or are you the actualization of these Pygmalian agalmatophilian dreams?
We can agree, you are GMOs capable of ecological diaspora. Instead of the FDA, do you think you should be regulated by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)? As whole organisms, are you not foreign species or a potentially invasive alien family of semi-humans? Perhaps, all our future Lulus and Nanas should then be registered and monitored under the National Invasive Species Management Plan through the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI)? “The threats posed by invasive species cannot be confined by geographic boundaries; given this, Federal leadership is necessary.”
On the other hand, perhaps your global potential to transmit radically novel traits to your offspring makes your existence a form of congenital venereal disease (VD) or a technologically assisted sexually transmitted disease (TA-STD)? In that case perhaps you would be regulated by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? As a proponent of your free, global reign, I would simply remind your critics that it is not just transgenes, but all of humanity and all of life is a communicable infestation. Life is a sexually transmitted disease.
Sure, you and all the Lulus and Nanas of the present and the future are the remashes that most resemble vaporwave in semi-human form. Stolen loops of retro banality have been mined from the memories of biodiversity and juxtaposed into your particulate heredity cascade through your carnal flesh, carnal gonads and carnal kindred. The flat affect of these acts of frenzied lust arrives from the traumas of being out of control and command as recomposed through wry objectivism.
On yet another hand, perhaps, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF or BATF) should have oversight on methods of transgenesis (i.e. microinjection, electroporation, lipofection and biolistics) and the viral vectors they disseminate? These technologies are both congenital firearms and anatomical explosives. I wonder if transgens are covered under the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction also known as the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)? There are questions of viral load, shedding and potentials for going airborne even for somatic GT. Phobic kneejerk fears of latently contagious droplets and contact precautions are not usually required beyond a few hours after the time of transmission of the infectious gene agent.
On the fourth hand, if we want affirmative overcoming of bioethical guilt in the shadow of utilitarian pragmatism, we can proceed without the work of the negative, following the artistic logic of this open letter. For instance, the National Endowment of the Arts (NEA) might be the proper regulatory oversight bureaucracy for approving transgenic human reprotech kid production. Nana and Lulu, you are the most important sculptural, time-based, new media arts project of the century! Yet, your conception had no arts oversight.
Semi-identical lifespan predictions: nana heterozygote for the CCR5-∆32 mutation, Lulu Mosaic for the CCR5-∆32 mutation
Some bad news just in from Nature Magazine, the CCR5-∆32 mutation you were made homozygote mutants from will shorten your lifespan average. According to Emma Yasinski of The Scientist:
“Using genetic sequences and vital statistics from hundreds of thousands of people, the team finds that people with two copies of the mutation had a 21 percent higher likelihood of dying by age 76 than those with only one copy or no copies.”
Oops, JK just shortened your general mortal lifetime by one-fifth. This is merely a statistic but your immunity against other diseases, including the common flu and West Nile Virus may find you more incapacitated (including spiked mortality rates) than most, so take care.
On a brighter note, only one of you has both genes.
Thus, Nana would still be susceptible to HIV infection. Although He demonstrated that Lulu was homozygous for the disrupted CCR5-Δ32 gene, this child may also be genetically mosaic, which means that Lulu may carry some edited cells and some unedited cells.
So, Nana, you are not enhanced, but you may have a longer life expectancy; Sorry about the lack of super memory and analytical skills, sorry about your non-resistance to AIDS. And may you live long and prosper. You are the control, also known as the wild type. You are actually less life threateningly susceptible to West Nile Virus or the flu than Lulu.
And Lulu, some added difficulties. Along with added functions, you are potentially more susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis and strokes. Watch your RHOA: Transforming protein RhoA levels; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase levels; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels; BMP-2: Bone morphogenetic protein two levels; BMP-4: Bone morphogenetic protein four levels; BMSCs: Bone marrow stromal cells levels. Pay attention to loose connective tissue, floppy joints and take your PTK2B: Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta pills. Sorry for helicopter parenting.
There is some other obscure news in for you Lulu. You are mosaic in your sculptural, metabolic, cognitive decals. This means that some of your cells may be modified, and some of them may be heirloom human. The tangible hybrid patterning of your body plan may be of a wide variety. Your mix of transgenic and original, heirloom human genome may have been expressed as left side-right side, upper body-lower body or even diagonally. There is also the potential that you are genetically modified in a motley patter of random cell types. It is even possible that you have merely one pinky finger of genetic insert legible in your bodily form. Check out the developmental biology of gynandromorphy, and you will see that is at times downright palomino. You may be a chimera, a mix of two genetic identities, a multimodal plurality, a remix, even a moiré patterned behavioral and metabolic op art success story!
The direction of multifactorial gene action is reverberatory. So, knowing what scientific acts you are performing at the molecular level is still hard. My artistic suggestion is to own the complexities of the actual experience of your differences as genetic interventions. Again, there is no normal, and being wild type is no better in terms of managing difference. Random shuffling through sexual attraction alone does not a clean house keep. Honestly, we have yet to figure out the complete metabolism of even Escherichia coli bacteria, and gene expression’s role in life’s forming is, let’s just call it, complicated.
The experiment continues…
I have seen that your parents signed an informed and consenting release form to allow you to be guinea pigs in the most important twin study since Josef Mengele’s stint. That deal should only last until you are adults and can negotiate your own terms. I would consider lawyering up! If there are physical or emotional complications or your PR team needs some gossip during a lull period, you can always sue for wrongful life. Talk to the legal team that represents the family survivors of Henrietta Lacks (mother of the HeLa cells) or one of the lawyers who filed civil suits against the estate of Jeffery Epstein. After all, He Jiankui is the Jeffery Epstein of Biotech.
In your case, 露露 and 娜娜, the choice of Shenzhen for the actuation of the Human Gene Editing proponents was actually a case of biotech neocolonialism. By positioning certain protocols in technical feats through US and UK universities and hospitals, the birthing was requisitioned, possibly even fielded out to the Silicon Valley of China, the ‘wild west’ of the east, the center of Chinese innovation and container ports for distribution. The lack of subtlety in the choice of China to give you life was in no way accidental. Racism and traditional eugenic history informed who and where this type of public outing of an oft repeated experiment was actuated. Having witnessed the first International Summit of the Human Gene Editing Initiative, my artistic intuition picked up a global plan between collaborative science foundations. The labs broke the process into parts to conform to multinational legal loopholes. It was imperative to stay legalish and it was decided to let China do the dirty work of going full term. Global working groups at the Human Gene Editing Initiative allowed China to take the prize of being first and were pleased to see you, Lulu and Nana, come to fruition as a controversial twin study in a non-US or EU context simply for the sake of protestant propriety.
Meanwhile, please excuse all the poking and prodding, scanning and samples. Medical culture has a scopic tendency, and hospitals are sort of just lab experiments with closed-circuit TV and bad food. Your blood and tissues are historic, so you may see a lot of doctors. Eventually, scientists, governments and renegades will want your eggs. More than likely, someone has already sampled your ovaries and sequenced your ovum payload. This is more about your grandkids than you alone. What can I say optimistically? The proof is in the pudding, but Life is resilient and keeps going. It is bigger than science and a strange cavalcade, and mutations happen all the time. The deleterious and the enhanced are intermingled, and we all go with what we’ve got. So, Lulu and Nana, make the best of life. You are not just tools for a global lab experiment. There is a lot to enjoy, and you should find your own ways.
Iconoclasm as biosecurity and BioPorn
露露 and 娜娜, just so you know, long before your very secret and then very public birth, actual experiments in germline genetic engineering of the human genome have been going on covertly for quite some time, including live births, particularly in private hospitals, farms and labs. In the US, no one has been granted any public funding for these projects (except the Pentagon), but private collectors can make any human breeds they design as corporate IVF+. Furthermore, human trials worldwide have been developing lines of humans with both human and non-human properties. This is all unverifiable hearsay of high probability correctness. So, there are potentially tons of Lulus and Nanas currently growing as NextGEN™ CRISPr transgenhuman beings.
They are queer like all of us, multiplying like clockwork oranges and they are your seestras. The nuclear membrane of the ovum is now ground zero for an inward blebbing space race of competing transgenic futures. The ironing out of inherited mistakes is a gateway drug to the baroque of inherited Genetic Modification Orgiastics (i-GMO) potentials. In some ways, you were both born as a PR stunt to perpetuate the practice of germline genetic gonad tweaking. Your very existence is meant to aid and abed the supposed defragmenting and optimization of the species’ genome through heavy-handed meddling. Your lives, as experimental beings, are a gateway drug, mainlining into the mainstream as poster children of the Human Gene Editing movement. But from a ritual process standpoint, you are the world’s totem germline initiation transgens.
Nana and Lulu, I truly hope the CRISPR constructs don’t cause you to die early of cancer, chromosomal breakage or CCR5-∆32 mutation complications and you live long enough to reach a mature enough phase to be able to read a version of this letter. You are unique life forms who should be seen for who you are and not for your public difference. I respect your anonymity, but it will probably not hold. At an age where you can be exposed to adult topics, I hope you will receive well the following comments on the charismatic attraction of your otherness as outputs of experiments in art and science.
I am worried that your biopop infamy will potentially find you caught between smothering worship and xenophobic death threats. It is well known that drives drive drives in the vital splay of life forming, and Eros has a penchant for the mesmerism of obsession. Therefore, if you are the product of obsession, it would behoove you to have some understanding of the economies of desire and the role of excess as an investment in proudly aberrant foci. Understanding the specific gravity of the seductive potential of your sexual selectivity is important for your development, as you have been made as objects of heritable curiosity. In other words, you have been born to be bred as research subjects heralded by the worst of scientism, but you may usurp expectations and allow your anomalousness to be libidinally empowering. Nothing could belittle or objectify you more than to be pimped out through clinical partnering as part of a rational breeding program based on heritage alone.
To put it country simple, human genome editing and the concept of human enhancement might be multi-generational eugenics, but it is also based on a fetish of control. It may be unsafe, insane and beyond any prepersonal potential for consent, but it is a form of repro-gonad fucking. In utero, tailoring is a sort of genome bondage and you are in it. Someone else had a little genetic foreplay with your hereditary cascade. You are bioart, a sadomasochistic vision of nature in shibari. This is the vamping of nature’s love of mutation, a sort of drag mocking of nature and a freak show to be sure. These biologists put you in a zendai suit of permanent multigenerational cosplay to mock actual ecologies. The obsessing and compulsive monomanias that you are subjects in are sadistic, but you are also inborn kinky, differently abled transgressions. No one but an artist dares to voice it, but this is a form of mesmerizing charisma and can work in your favor.
Toward posthuman rights
Lulu and Nana, it is my honor to support you as free range and internationally migratory beings. Even those who will agree with this recommendation are unlikely to arrive at it by the same guarantee of lack of reasoning that the arts are honed to provide. For those who find the esoteric sufficiently compelling, the above criteria represent a commitment to promoting queer being and alternative-beings within a framework of informed consent and freedom of expression. Those not completely persuaded that the aesthetics outweigh the social concerns may nonetheless conclude that even the anti-aesthetic as criteria for human gene editing, if properly implemented, should allow free range toward a harassment-free global citizenship climate for our trending difference populations.
The Human Gene Editing Initiative is simply a quorum of voices and collaborative, coordinated global actions that is responsible for grooming the public into tacit acceptance of the process of making you. It comes as no surprise that global bioethics would be found wanting, predatorily leading the witnesses into social acceptance, as a way to keep up the veneer of responsible, ethical, rational proGMO Human Germline genomic technology. Beyond asking which branch of Government should have regulatory oversight, please ask the Lulus and the Nanas – is the military health consumerism industry, with its use of rubber-stamp oversight as publicity, going to bring us through the lines of flight away from Version 1.0 common human form and out into the biodiverse posthuman fields of potential that only open, free-range ideation can provide? I know your existence depended on this ruse, but I wonder if actual diversity (of crafting, roaming and ideation) will be respected in the forms to come?
There are many potential effects of the CCR2 aesthetic you have been chosen to be born with. The choice was an HIV resistance health aesthetic as subterfuge for a naive aesthetic based on trending brain enhancement conceptual art theory. This is science leading the way not only in the creative arts but also in the realm of high satire and irony. The specters and hauntologies of remix humans are just what is expected from humans. We are the most neurotic, lurching, lurking species on planet. We are the most gullible family. It is this naive reading of the genetic effects of CCR2 that most encapsulates the problems of labeling cognition through cognitive bias in enhancement presuppositions. Perhaps, you, 露露 and 娜娜 with your enhanced Ashkenazi/MidNorth European AIDS resistant, memory and learning, CCR5-Δ32 gene knock-ins will have to deal with enhanced cortical plasticity and hippocampus-dependent emotional breadth as merely enhanced trippy analogical neurosis, but that’s what it takes to be a good screenplay writer or borscht belt geneart comedian. So, welcome to the slapstick dome.
As we build a canal full of love into the safe harbors of our genomic USB ports. Let us continue to question and be inclusive as to what styles we should stockpile in our GT LentiViral knock-in libraries to midwife our targeted, CRISPR-cas9 cassette inserted, mutant human zoo. Signature transgene infections into human ovum, sperm, zygote or hESC should always include a premonitory cultural spinoff. That is the nature of free-living prophecy and the reason for the arts as foreign generalities.
It is for these reasons that I invite you both, Lulu and Nana, to consider becoming leading voices in the BEAK and practicing the aesthetic sculpting of new human life utilizing the media of biotechnology as transgenic on transgenic future human builds. You are already here, you are going public and you are humans.
Consider bioart as a venue to return the gifts you were given!
Dr. Adam Zaretsky
Principal, Bioart Ethical Advisory Kommission (BEAK)
Excerpt from ‘Human Germline Gene Editing is Bioart: An open letter to Lulu and Nana’, Routledge Handbook of Art, Science, and Technology Studies, Edited By Hannah Star Rogers, Megan K Halpern, Dehlia Hannah and Kathryn de Ridder-Vignone, 2021.




