Difference between revisions of "DIY-MedTech Dronen fliegen - Team Dagobert"
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− | === | + | == Construction == |
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− | + | The main mechanical components needed for construction are the propellers (either fixed-pitch or variable-pitch), the frame and the electric motors. | |
=== Rotor/Propeller === | === Rotor/Propeller === | ||
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[[File:Figure-1-Prop-Rotation.png|600px]] | [[File:Figure-1-Prop-Rotation.png|600px]] | ||
− | ==== Propeller Pitch ==== | + | ===== Propeller Pitch ===== |
The propeller pitch is a measurement of how far that a propeller will move through the air for every single rotation of the motor/propeller. This is only a theoretical approximation since real world factors such as prop material, air density, and efficiency can influence this distance. However, the pitch is a good measurement that will help you better understand your propeller performance. | The propeller pitch is a measurement of how far that a propeller will move through the air for every single rotation of the motor/propeller. This is only a theoretical approximation since real world factors such as prop material, air density, and efficiency can influence this distance. However, the pitch is a good measurement that will help you better understand your propeller performance. | ||
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[[File:Figure-2-Pitch.gif|600px]] | [[File:Figure-2-Pitch.gif|600px]] | ||
− | ==== Propeller Size ==== | + | ===== Propeller Size ===== |
The size of the propeller is the distance from tip to tip. Longer propellers can generate more thrust at the same speed, but requires more torque from the motor to turn the prop. A larger propeller size does not mean that you will be able to fly faster. | The size of the propeller is the distance from tip to tip. Longer propellers can generate more thrust at the same speed, but requires more torque from the motor to turn the prop. A larger propeller size does not mean that you will be able to fly faster. | ||
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Drone-Frames-2.jpg|Rectangle Frame | Drone-Frames-2.jpg|Rectangle Frame | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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+ | ===== Number of propeller blades ===== | ||
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+ | Two bladed propellers are more efficient at producing thrust as opposed to four or three bladed propellers so long as the propeller tips do not reach supersonic speeds. Adding blades increases the amount of thrust that is generated, but at the cost of efficiency. | ||
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+ | [[File:Figure-5-Number-of-Blades.jpg|600px]] | ||
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+ | ==== Motor ==== | ||
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+ | To determine the drone motor size for the drone, there are two parameters that must be taken into consideration | ||
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+ | * Total weight | ||
+ | * Frame size | ||
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+ | ===== Thrust to Weight Ratio ===== | ||
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+ | The thrust to weight ration (as known as TWR) is the main characteristic that will determine the drone flight profile. Understandably, to maintain steady flight or hover in the air, TWR should be 1. To take off, TWR needs to be greater than 1 |
Revision as of 12:01, 13 February 2019
Contents
Construction
The main mechanical components needed for construction are the propellers (either fixed-pitch or variable-pitch), the frame and the electric motors.
Rotor/Propeller
Drones have at least two rotors (bicopter), but the majority has four rotors (aka quadcopters). Except for bicopter, which behaves quite similarly to fixed-wing aircraft (or the famed V-22 Osprey), the multicopters require that not all rotors should rotate in the same direction
Propeller Pitch
The propeller pitch is a measurement of how far that a propeller will move through the air for every single rotation of the motor/propeller. This is only a theoretical approximation since real world factors such as prop material, air density, and efficiency can influence this distance. However, the pitch is a good measurement that will help you better understand your propeller performance.
The higher the pitch value, the faster your aircraft will move. In other words, with both motors/propellers spinning at the same RPM, the higher pitch propeller will travel further in the same amount of time. Changing the propeller pitch will also change the dynamic response of your drone.
Propeller Size
The size of the propeller is the distance from tip to tip. Longer propellers can generate more thrust at the same speed, but requires more torque from the motor to turn the prop. A larger propeller size does not mean that you will be able to fly faster.
The surface area of the propeller also determines how much thrust it can generate. The higher surface area allows more air to be moved, thereby generating more thrust. This also comes at the cost of more power draw from the motor.
The length of your quadcopter frame determines the maximum size of propeller that you can use. For a square drone frame as below, the maximum propeller size is X/2. For a rectangle frame, the maximum size is Y/2
Number of propeller blades
Two bladed propellers are more efficient at producing thrust as opposed to four or three bladed propellers so long as the propeller tips do not reach supersonic speeds. Adding blades increases the amount of thrust that is generated, but at the cost of efficiency.
Motor
To determine the drone motor size for the drone, there are two parameters that must be taken into consideration
- Total weight
- Frame size
Thrust to Weight Ratio
The thrust to weight ration (as known as TWR) is the main characteristic that will determine the drone flight profile. Understandably, to maintain steady flight or hover in the air, TWR should be 1. To take off, TWR needs to be greater than 1